UCSP

• • Concerns both social structure and interpersonal relations. Contains three key parts: context process, and results.

  sociallization
• • Refers to the culture, language, social structures and one’s position within that particular society. 
  • Includes history and the roles people and institutions around them performed in the past.

  context
• • Bear strong influence on socialization processes.
  • Cultural expectations for gender roles and gendered behavior are conveyed to children through color-coded clothes and sort of games

  gender stereotypes
• • plays a factor in socialization

  race
• • Are the outcome of socialization and refer to the way a person conceives and conducts after undergoing this process.

  results
• • Characterized as an organized interrelated group of people who act together for collective living, as they share the same language, territory, and culture.

  society
• • Also called as functionalism
  • Sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals.

  sociological perspectives
• he Saw similarities between society and the human body.

  Herbert spencer
• • The parts of society that Spencer referred to or the patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs, such as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy.

  social institutions
• • Applied Spencer’s theory to explain how societies change and survive over time.
  • He believed that society is a complex system of interrelated and interdependent parts that work together to maintain stability and that society is held together by shared values, languages, and symbols.

  Emile durkheim
• he Pointed out social processes often have many functions.

  • Manifest functions, latent functions and dysfunctions

  Robert merton
• • The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated

  manifest functions
• • The unsought consequences of a social process.

  latent functions
• • Social processes that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

  dysfunctions
• • Looks society as a competition for limited resources.

  conflict
• he Saw society as being made up of two classes, the bourgeoisie (capitalist) and the proletariat (workers)

  Karl marx
• • owns and controls the means of production, which leads to exploitation due to the profit motive. 

  Bourgeoisie
• they have only their labor to sell, and do not own or control capital.

  ploretariat
• • Marx’s term for the proletarian’s inability to see her real position within the class system, a mis-recognition that is complicated by the control that the bourgeoisie often exerts over the media outlets that disseminate and normalize information

  false consciousness
• • Common group identity as exploited proletarians and potential revolutionaries

  class consciousness
• • Agreed with some of Marx’s main ideas, but also believed that in addition to economic inequalities, there were inequalities of political power and social structure that caused conflict.

  Marx weber
• • Articulated the conflict perspective when she was theorized a connection between an increase in lynching and an increase in black socio-economic mobility in the USA

  ida b. wells
• • Focuses on meanings attached to human interaction, both verbal and non-verbal and to symbols.

  symbolic-interactionist
• • introduced the ‘looking-glass self’ to describe how a person’s self of self grows out of interactions with others.
  • He proposed a threefold process of this developmen

  Charles Horton cooley
• • An archaic term for mirror
  • We see ourselves when we interact with others

  looking glass self
• • Considered as a founder of symbolic interactionism
  • His contribution was really to the development of self, especially in childhood, which we’ll discuss in more detail.

  George Herbert mead
• • Humans interact with things based on meanings ascribed to those things

  social interactionism
• • Is any collection of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations regarding one another’s behavior
  • Consists of two or more persons who are in social interaction, who are guided by similar norms, values and expectations, and who maintain a stable pattern of relationship over a period of time

  group
• 3 requirements for a group

  two or more people, interaction, together physically
• • A simple collection of people who are in the same place at the same time without interacting with each other.

  aggregate
• • A simple collection of people who share distinctive characteristics 

  category
• • Collection of people in a given place and time

  collectively
• Group with which the individual identifies and which belonging, solidarity, camaraderie, esprit de corps and toward the other members

  in-group
• • Viewed as outsiders by the in-group
  • Any member of the in-group has insufficient contact with the members of the out-group
  • Members of the in-group have feelings of strangeness, dislikes, avoidance, antagonism, indifference and even hatred toward the out-group

  out-group
• • Group that is significant to us as models even though we, ourselves may not be a part of the group
  • Is one which an individual does not only have  a high regard for but one after which he or she patterns his/her life.

  reference