Geometric Optics

• IDENTIFY IF REFLECTION OR REFRACTION:

  REFLECTION

  
• IDENTIFY IF REFLECTION OR REFRACTION: 


  REFRACTION

  
• IDENTIFY IF REFLECTION OR REFRACTION:

  REFLECTION

  
• IDENTIFY IF REFLECTION OR REFRACTION:

  REFRACTION

  
• Name the parts of a Concave Mirror:

  A) FOCAL LENGTH

  B) CENTER OF CURVATURE

  C) FOCUS

  D) PRINCIPAL AXIS

  E) HARD SURFACE

  F) REFLECTIVE SURFACE

  G) LIGHT

  
• it occurs when light rays are reflected to a surface and bounce back

  Reflection
• it occurs when the light rays hit a smooth surface, causing an object to be reflected and bounce back

  Reflection
• it occurs when the angle of the incident or the angle between the angle of the incident and surface normal are equal to the angle of reflection

  Reflection
• Reflection happened in many surfaces, such as

  mirrors, metals, and water
• it occurs when the speed of light is higher than the speed of light in a water

  Refraction
• it occurs when the light passes through a different medium that has a different refraction such as air to water or air to glass 


  Refraction
• a pencil, when dipped in water, became disrupted 


  Refraction
• responsible for the appearance of an object in the lenses and underwater

  Refraction
• Types of reflection:

  • Specular Reflection
  • Diffuse Reflection
• it is a type of reflection that occurs in a smooth surface that reflects only in a single direction.

  Specular Reflection
• the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection is equal making a reflection that is maintained and coherent forming a an image that is clear and a sharp image

  Specular Reflection
• Specular reflection occurs on the smooth surface such as

  mirrors, and water
• It is the opposite of specular reflection, light rays are reflected in many different direction and occurs on rough and irregular surfaces.

  Diffuse Reflection
• in this type of refraction, the angle of incidence is not equal with the angle of reflection making the reflections to scattered in random and many different places.

  Diffuse Reflection
• the image in this type of reflection is blurry or fuzzy.

  Diffuse Reflection
• Diffuse reflection occurs on a

  paper rough wall
• Twow types of Refraction:

  • Normal Refraction
  • Oblique Refraction
• it occurs when the incident ray is perpendicular or normal to the boundary between two materials and follows a normal direction

  Normal Refraction
• it is a type of refraction that becomes beneded and changes into different direction

  Oblique Refraction
• it is a transparent object that has a curved surface that can refract light and bend an object

  Lens
• Lens can be found:

  microscopes, cameras, telescopes, eyeglasses and projectors
• Reflection


  Occurs when light rays hit a surface and bounce back. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
• Refraction


  Occurs when light rays pass through a medium with a different refractive index. Light changes speed and bends.
• Specular reflection


  • Reflection that occurs when a smooth surface reflects light rays in a single direction. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
• Diffuse reflection


  • Reflection that occurs when a rough or irregular surface reflects light rays in many different directions. The angle of incidence does not equal the angle of reflection.
• Normal refraction


  • Occurs when the incident light ray is perpendicular to the boundary between the two materials. The refracted ray follows the normal direction.
• Oblique refraction


  • Occurs when the incident light ray strikes the boundary at an angle other than perpendicular. The refracted ray bends more significantly.
• Lens


  A transparent object with at least one curved surface that can refract light and bend it in a controlled way.
• Convex Lens (Converging)


  • Converging lenses have a convex shape and refract light rays inwards, causing them to converge at a focal point. They have a positive focal length.
• Concave Lens (Diverging)


  • Diverging lenses have a concave shape and refract light rays outwards, causing them to diverge. They have a negative focal length.
• How image is formed on mirrors

  1. Light rays reflect off a mirror following the law of reflection (angle of incidence = angle of reflection)

  2. Reflected light rays can form a real or virtual image of the object
• Parts of a concave mirror

  • Pole
  • Center of curvature
  • Principal axis
  • Focal point
• Real images


  Formed when reflected light rays converge to a point. Can be projected onto a screen and are inverted.
• Virtual images


  Formed when reflected light rays appear to come from a point behind the mirror. Cannot be projected and are upright.
• this law states that incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

  Law of Reflection