GenBio2 Respiratory -> Blood Circulation

• External Respiration - exchange of gasses between the lungs and the environment
• Internal Respiration - Exchange of gasses between the lungs and blood.
• Cellular Respiration - The actual utilization of oxen by the cells.
• Tracheal system - complex network of tubes that delivers oxygen containing air to every cell of the body
• The respiratory system is composed of two main parts, namely the upper respiratory tract (nose, pharynx, larynx) and lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi, lungs).
• Gills - highly vascularized structures specialized for gas exchange in water
• Larynx - contains vocal folds or vocal cords which vibrate when we speak
• Septal Cartilage - cartilage that makes up the tip of the nose
• Nostrils - external and internal opening
• Nasal Septum - divides the nose to left and right
• Conchae - long, narrow and curled bookshelf inside the nose
• Nasal Epithelium - tissue that lines the inner surface of the nose.
• Nasopharynx - Internal nares to uvula
• Oropharynx - uvula to epiglottis
• Laryngopharynx - epiglottis to esophagus
• Larynx consist of 9 cartilages
• Thyroid cartilage - largest cartilage
• Epiglottis - elastic cartilage
• Vocal folds - true vocal cords; primary source of voice production
• Trachea - Passageway of air to the bronchi
• Bronchi - Left and right division of trachea, each connected to a lung
• Bronchioles - Narrowest airways of the lungs
• Lung - is the principal organ in respiration
• Pleural cavity – space in the chest cavity where lungs are found
• Parietal pleura – covering of the pleural cavity
• Visceral pleura – covering of the lungs
• Pleural fluid – fluid between the two layers of pleural tissue. This fluid keeps the pleura moist and helps the layers of tissue glide smoothly over each other as you breathe.
• Ventilation - process of moving air into and out of the lungs
• Inspiration - inhalation; air into the lungs
• Expiration - exhalation; air out of the lungs
• Muscles of inspiration - diaphragm and external intercostal muscles of the ribs
• Muscles of expiration - internal intercostal muscles
• circulatory system - also known as the cardiovascular system, plays a fundamental role in the body by transporting blood, nutrients, gasses, and waste products to and from cells. This system is vital for sustaining life and supporting the function of other bodily systems
• Heart - A muscular pump between the lungs and above the diaphragm
• The heart pumps about 5 liters of blood per minute
• A human heart beats over 100,000 beats per day
• Routing blood - separates pulmonary and systemic circulation
• Pulmonary Circulation - involves the lungs as oxygen supplier - when deoxygenated blood goes to the lungs to get oxygen.
• Systemic Circulation - involves the heart, blood vessels and all body parts
• Coronary Circulation - how our heart gets its own supply of blood - Coronary arteries & Coronary veins