Animal and Plant cells

• Who were the key scientists responsible for formulating the cell theory, and what were their respective contributions?

  Theodor Schwann -Animals are made up of cells

  Matthias Schleiden - Plants are made up of cells

  Rudolf Virchow - Cells come from preexisting cells
• What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic - contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

  Prokaryotic - do not contain a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and a mitochondria
• What are the three main components of a eukaryotic cell, and what functions do they serve?

  Nucleus - contains genetic material and controls cell activities.

  Cytoplasm - where cellular activities take place.

  Cell membrane - controls what enters and exits the cell.
• What role do mitochondria play in a cell, and why are they often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell?

  The mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it captures chemical energy from food and transforms it into a form that the cell can use to carry out its functions.
• How do lysosomes contribute to cellular function, and what materials do they break down?

  Lysosomes help in breaking down cellular waste and debris
• What are the exclusive parts found in plant cells, and what functions do they serve?

  Chlorophyll - helps in photosynthesis and gives the plant its green color

  Cell Walls - supports the cell's structure, giving it a fixed shape

  Large vacuole - helps in storing water and nutrients the cell needs
• In what ways do animal cells differ from plant cells in terms of structure and function?

  Animal cells

  • no fixed shape
  • small vacuole
  • no cell wall
  • no chloroplasts
  • have a cilia and flagella
  • have centrioles

  Plant cells

  • have a cell wall
  • have a larger vacuole
  • no centrioles and lysosomes
  • have a fixed boxy shape
  • have chloroplasts
• How does the absence of a cell wall impact the shape and movement of animal cells?

  The absence of a cell wall in an animal cell allows it to move freely
• Common organelles found in both animal and plant cells

  • Nucleus
  • Ribosomes
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulu
  • Mitochondria
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Cytoplasm
  • Vacuole
  • Cell membrane
• Nucleus


  Contains DNA; controls the cell
• Ribosomes


  Synthesizes proteins and contains RNA
• Golgi apparatus


  Packages and refines proteins
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  Produces proteins and lipids
• Lysosomes

  Breaks down cellular waste
• Mitochondria


  Powerhouse of the cell
• Cytoskeleton


  Structure and framework of the cell
• Cytoplasm


  A fluid inside the cell that contains organelles
• Vacuole


  Stores water and other nutrients the cell needs
• Cell membrane


  Controls what comes in and out of the cell