RPH Final Exam

• nationalism - identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations
• patriotism - feeling of attachment and commitment to a country, nation, or political community
• nationalism - more intense that patriotism
• 19th century - time when Filipinos felt nationalistic
• Causes of belated nationalism development: insularity, passport, no lingua franca, divide and rule tactic
• cause of development of filipino nationalism: spanish misrule/exploitation, political and economic development in Europe and Philippines
• 1869 - Suez Canal in Egypt, one of the most important artificial sea-level waterways in the world, paved the way for the Philippines' direct commercial relations with Spain instead of via Mexico.
• industrialization - economic side effect of the opening of Suez Canal
• European Liberalization - ideology spread during the 1896 that sparked Filipino nationalism
• Racial Discrimination - any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their race, ancestry, ethnicity, and/or skin color and hair texture
• secularization - "nationalizing" the Catholic Church by replacing the friars with native secular priests
• Cavite mutiny - (January 20, 1872), brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers at the Cavite arsenal, which became the excuse for Spanish repression of the embryonic Philippine nationalist movement
• Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora - GonBurZa
• illustrados - "the enlightened" constituted the Filipino intelligentsia (educated class) during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century
• secularization movement - transfer of regular parishes to secular
• two types of priest: regulars, seculars
• regulars - priests belonging to religious orders
• examples of religious orders: Augustinians, Dominicans, Franciscans, Recollects, Jesuits
• Carlos Maria dela Torre - very liberal, Gov Gen before Rafael Izquierdo
• Rafael Izquierdo - Gov Gen after Carlos Maria dela Torre, complete opposite of dela Torre
• Goal of propaganda: to sell ideas
• 1872 to 1880s - timeframe of Reform Movement
• 1872 - execution of GomBurZa
• Pedro Paterno - early nationalist who authored sampaguitas (collection of nationalistic poems)
• Gregorio Sancianco - early Filipino nationalist who wrote "El Progreso de Filipinas"
• El Progreso de Filipinas - booked that discussed the improvements that should be seen or needed in the Philippines
• assimilation, representation, abuse reduction- common aims of Filipino propagandists
• assimilation - occurs when the culture of a larger society is adopted by a smaller society (for the PH to be a province of spain – one of the aims of propagandists)
• representation in the spanish cortes - one of the goals of the propagandists is for Filipinos to have a representative in the legislative body of spain
• spanish cortes - legislative body of spain
• Lopez Jaena, del Pilar, Rizal - triumvirate of Reform movement
• Graciano Lopez Jaena- the great orator
• Marcelo del Pilar - the great journalist
• Jose Rizal - the great novelist
• La Solidaridad - official publication of La Liga Filipina, its past editor-in-chief are Lopez Jaena, del Pilar
• Fray Botod - satirical piece of Graciano Lopez Jaena, he portrayed an early Spanish priest from the colonial era of the Philippines as greedy, corrupt, hypocrite, gluttonous, and lustful
• Diyaryong Tagalog - publication founded by Marcelo H. del Pilar
• peninsulares - spaniards born in spain/iberian peninsula
• insulares - spaniards born in the Philippines
• creole - born in the west Indies, spanish mixed with Filipino blood