Ac 3.1

• AC 3.1 role of nacro in social control


  (National Association for the care and settlement of offenders)

  • Aims and objectives- to give offenders a second chance, seeks to change lives and strength and communities, prevent crime and overcome the stereotypes of prisoners it achieves this by providing housing(3000 tenants in its properties), education, getting justice et cetera in 2018 4900 studied with its services
  • Funding- through donations, awarded funding from mayor of London £5 mill
• AC 3.1 role of nacro in social control

  Philosophy- want everyone to have an equal chance to succeed ensuring everyone has housing, education and a second chance, they run classes, provide housing and chats to help equal chances

  • Working practices- how they run, provide services to help offenders when they leave prison also act as a pressure group campaigning to change laws and policies affecting ex-offenders campaign to reform rehab of offenders act 1974 also support band the box for criminal convictions on job applications
• AC 3.1 role of nacro in social control

  WP- departments, criminal record support services, accommodation support for prisoners – probation people, finance, benefit and debt support

  • Types of criminal/offender-but mainly concerned with the needs of disadvantage people, people at risk of reoffending
  • Agencies- prison and probation service, police (aiding those in custody), Offer training to CPS, prison and race relations
  • Who do they report to keep in contract with homes England in regards to supplying appropriate homes to people who need it
• AC 3.1 role of nacro in social control

  Reach- national organisation with activities and projects in 50 different parts of England

  • Who regulates them- OFSTED regulates them by writing reports on their successes and how they operate within the community (nacro education is rated)
• AC 3.1 role of Howards league for penal reform in social control

  Aims and objectives- aims to create less crime, fewer people in prison by conducting research and investigations aimed at revealing underlying problems and discovering new solutions for issues of public concern

  • Funding- independent, funded by voluntary donations and receives funding from legal services commissions as it holds legal aid contract to perform its work with young people in custody.
  • Philosophy-wants to reduce crime and create safer communities and deals with issues of public concern
• AC 3.1 role of Howard league for penal reform in social control


  How does it run- combine litigation and policy staff including prison, lawyers and media to explain homes of prison and campaign for changes in the criminal justice system

  • Departments- legal helpline department, run a free legal aid to help people in prison identify problems and injustices faced in prison reducing racial disparities in youth justice, created three year project to lift voices of racialised kids who face unjust judicial decisions
• AC 3.1 role of Howards league for penal reform in social control

  Types of crim/offenders- all criminality and offenders and want to reform prison and justice as a whole

  • reach- national charity, want to reform England and Wales
  • Work with- prison, probation, lawyers charity runs a free legal service, media to explain the homes of prison
  • Report to-media to get across stats on their campaigns for changes cjs
  • who Regulate-it doesn’t get regulated
• AC 3.1 role of prisoners education trust in achieving social control

  Aims and objectives- aim to provide courses and build connections to give offenders education to help them progress with learning helping them achieve qualifications to get jobs when out of prison which reduces recidivism

  • Funding- funded through donations from trust, foundations and individual givers and an annual grant from ministry of justice
  • Philosophy- aim to help those in prisons transform their lives through ed values offenders ed as a key part to reduce recidivism rates by 25%, values prisoners voices on prison ed
• AC 3.1 role of prisoners education trust in social control

  How they run- offers a range of courses to improve quality of offenders life when they leave prison

  • Types of crim/offenders-aims to help all offenders in prison who’ve committed any crime
  • Reach- from 2022 to 2026 they aim to ensure every prisoner in the country have access to ed
• AC 3.1 role of prisoners education trust in social control

  Who do they report to- M.O.J have some same decisions because they help fund it, David Featherstone, who is in charge of ed, skills and work will oversee the impact of schemes

  • Who regulates the- could be argued prison as they may reject offer of additional funding as they may not have space moj and the founder
• AC 3.1 role of prisons in social control


  Aims and objectives-protect public from harm, rehabilitate offenders so they can contribute positively to society such as with things like token economies (Skinner) to hold prisoners securely, implement sentences and order them to court

  • Funding – funded through government by taxpayers money, moj allocate funds, hoc estimates funding for 2023 to 2024 is £14.8 billion
  • Philosophy- all prisoners shall be treated with respect due to their inherent dignity and values as human beings and prevent victims by changing the lives of offenders
• AC 3.1 role of prisons in social control


  how they run- each prison is run by a governor with a number of staff, there’s open( for most trusted offenders and known to be in category D) /close prison (a, B, C are usually in closed prison which are max security) they have rehab schemes in prison

  • Departments – visitor centre, house block, wings, segregation ect
  • Types of crim/offenders- deals with offenders that pose a risk to society, can range from category a-d offenders and crimes from speeding to murder
• AC 3.1 role of prison in social control

  reach – organised nationally, when sentence they will go to local prison, but maybe move to a different prison category abcd

  • Agencies they work with- moj , court, police, CPS, probation
  • Who they report to-HM inspectorate of prison oversees how well prisons are performing and treatment of prisoners
  • Who regulates them?- moj, overseas management and operations of prison ensuring laws are followed ect
• AC 3.1 role of prison in social control

  Aims and objectives- manage offenders to ensure a probationers capability, reliability for continued employment, protecting community, supervising offenders, help them change and promote use of community resources and reduce reoffending and use education and counselling

  • Funding – government funded from taxation, in 2018 overall budget was £4.6 billion
• AC 3.1 role of probation in social control

  Philosophy – national probation services care and ethics principles are belief that the offenders can change for the better, commitment to social justice, inclusion, equality and diversity and aim to reject the causes of offending to help offender change for the better

  • How they run, provide guidance and support to offenders through regular check-in, monitors defendants compliance with court ordered requirements and offers resources for personal development e.g. anger management meetings
• AC 3.1 roll of probation in social control

  Departments – supervisor, treatment and rehab contacts, other agencies, e.g. substance abuse treatment, intake and assessment deals with initial assessment

  • Types of crim/Os- deals with all crimes from those put on probation after prison et cetera most offenders are non-violent/violent
  • Reach-national service, probation service for England and Wales is divided into seven areas
  • Agencies they work with- courts (choose bail conditions), prison (do risk assessments to let people out on probation), police (arrest people who break bail)
• AC 3.1 role of probation in social control

  Who they report to-report to moj which insures it has enough funding, set and makes sure goals are being achieved

  • Who regulates the- moj make sure goals are achieved and procedures are followed to a good standard
• AC 3.1 role of CPS in social control


  Aims and objectives- to advise police lines of enquiry, assess evidence using full test, decide to prostitute, prepares case and presents sitting in court whilst being independent and fair, honest, honest, unbias

  • Funding – Gov funded, budget is around 1/2 billion per year, it recovers some costs. Court is awarded cost against defendants and recover assets confiscated from criminals, budget was cut by 25% in 2018 and lost a third of staff.
• AC 3.1 role of CPS in social control

  Philosophy -values key to CPS are independence, fair prosecuting and delivering justice, honesty, treating everyone with respect and equality

  • How they run- run by the director of public prosecutions and overseas prosecutions, decides on charging, advises police, prepares and presents, provides info to judges
  • Departments, no specific departments but lots of different boards e.g. CPS direct virtual provides charging decisions on priority cases 24/7
  • Types of crim/Os deals with full range of offenders apart from very minor offences, cautions and penalties
• AC 3.1 role of CPS in social control

  Reach-national body in England, Wales, 14 regional teams each headed by chief Crown prosecutor

  • Agencies, they work with courts, police(advises police), judiciary(Decision to prosecute can be challenged by judicial review)
  • Who did they report to- attorney general overseas Work of CPS, request briefing on matters of parliamentary concern and answers for the CPS performance and conducting Parliament
  • Who regulates them crown prosecution service inspectorate work carried out by CPS but aim to enhance quality of justice, improve efficiency, effectivenes
• AC 3.1 role of judiciary in social control

  Aim and objectives-aim to interpret and apply law to achieve justice, cc judge insures trial is fair, resolves legal issues and gives jury legal direction, sc/coa makes rolling on law when it’s meaning is input, may also create precedent fearn v Tate Gallery

  • Funding – senior salary review board makes recommendations to prime minister/Lord Chancellor on how much MPs, judges ect make, Lord Chief Justice made £262,000 in 2020
• AC 3.1 role of judiciary and social control

  Philosophy – judicial dependence, judges free from Gov interference so uphold rule of law and safeguard citizens, impartiality, integrity, honest moral principles, Upholding societies stands of behaviour, equal treatment

  • when appointed judges swear oath of allegiance to king and judicial oath to treat people equally and according to law
  • How they run – works to ensure laws are properly implemented which is done by interpreting law and using sentencing guidelines
• AC 3.1 role of judiciary in social control

  Department cc (deal with tribal either way and indictable), coa (appeals from crown and magistrates court), sc (deals with most serious legal issues)

  • Types of crim/Os- deals with all offenders and offence as apart from least serious (magistrates) and cautions/penalties (dealt with by police)
  • Reach-Supreme Court have a nationwide jurisdiction and settles points of law of national importance, judges in lower courts deal with local cases
  • Agencies, they work with CPS, prison, probation
• AC 3.1 role of judiciary in social control

  Who regulates and reports them- lady chief Justice gets reports from judges council on judiciary, lady chief Justice has an judicial executive board which helps regulate them in the highest form, judges council may also regulate them
• AC 3.1 role of police in social control

  Aims and objectives-protect life and property, keep peace and maintain order, prevent, detect and investigate crime, bring offender justice, use legal powers (stop, search, arrest, interview ect) to achieve these aim

  • Funding – funded through taxpayers money 2/3 from central gov, in 2022/2023 funding was £17.2 billion but has fluctuated in the past from a fool by 19% in 2010-2018
• AC 3.1 role of police and social control

  Philosophy- sir Robert peel set up met police in 1829 some of his philosophy-prevent crime and disorder, use physical forces last resort, their duty is to impartially serve the law, his philosophy’s still followed today and is embedded in the police code of ethics

  • They run – chief offices of police forces organise how officers handle crime and direct and control what they do, home office set out annual objectives for police to achieve
• AC 3.1 role of police in social control

  Departments police force (patrol, respond calls, investigate) CID (deal with investigations in serious crimes like murder), fraud and drug squad, river police, dog handler unit, police in the UK are usually unarmed reflecting peels philosophy

  • Types of crim/Os- all offences/offenders, specialist teams in the police may deal with specific crimes
  • Reach-nationwide organisation 39 police forces in England, four in Wales and only one in Scotland and one in Ireland so they have regional cover
• AC 3.1 role of police in social control

  Who they work with- probation, courts, CPS, charities

  • Who do they report to- Gov funded report to Home Office and national secretary
  • Who regulates them- independent office for police conduct who investigate complaints, allegations and misconduct, it was created to build confidence
  • Sarah Everard, two officers, face misconduct cases over Wayne Couzens vetting procedures
• AC 3.1 role of the princes trust in social control

  Aims and objectives, aims to support people age 11 to 30 who are unemployed, struggling with school or have had trouble with the law to get back on track by providing mental and physical development and opportunities

  • Funding, donations, fundraisers and partnerships like UK prosperity fund (shared Gov fund) providing £2.6 billion to local investments
  • Philosophy, believe all people should have an equal chance to succeed and people can have a second chance
• AC 3.1 role of princes trust in social control


  How they run, partner with private sector organisations, civil Society groups, schools, youth services to deliver programs and enabling people to work and thrive, work with employers to enable people to develop skills and access opportunities

  • Departments, enterprise program (helps people start businesses), team program, work experience, getting into short courses offering training
  • Types of crim/Os Petty crime and general bad behaviour and people who didn’t finish school and young offenders
• AC 3.1 role of the princes trust in social control

  Reach, international international works in the UK along with Africa, Asia, Middle East, Europe

  • Agencies, employment, guv department, education, police, Fire, armed forces with a gift in kind value of 1.5 million per year
  • Who did they report to, employers asking about training opportunities, ed sys provide activities to those who struggled w ed
  • Who regulates them, report finances, employers and volunteers to government for income and expenses, ofqual regulates qualifications, exams and assessments the trust provides
• AC 3.1 role of unlock in social control

  Aims and objectives, aim to achieve an inclusive society where those with criminal record records can live a normal life, they are aware of of disadvantages faced by those with criminal records

  • Funding, funded by voluntary donations from individuals and charitable organisations, can be through voluntary subscriptions
  • Philosophy, aims to support people facing stigma from criminal records and create a fair future
• AC 3.1 role of unlock in social control

  how They run, support people through their website, help lines, recruit and train people with convictions as volunteers, collect evidence on the barriers caused by crim convictions, challenge bad practice by employees

  • departments, ed help (UCAS no longer asks all applicants to declare criminal convictions), band the box campaigning for an increase in opportunities for people with convictions to compete for jobs as can’t get past application process
  • Types of crim/Os, aim to help anyone for any offence
  • report to employers to get work experience
• AC 3.1- role of the prison reform trust in social control

  Aims and objectives, reduce unnecessary imprisonment, promoting community solutions to crime, improving treatment and conditions for prisoners and promoting equality

  • Funding, voluntary donations, donations vary from around £345.92k a yr
  • Philosophy, believe the prison system is unjust and want to create a humane, just, effective penal system
  • How they run, make enquiries into the workings of the system, informing prisoners, staff, public and influencing government and parliament towards reform
• AC 3.1 role of the prison reform trust in social control


  Departments, building futures, prisoner policy network (prisoners/ex-prisoners can share their experiences with policy networks)

  • Types of crim/Os, works w prisoners +their fams, all crimes +they provide help for Os with learning disabilities, addict, re offenders
  • Agencies, lawyers, prison service, probation, government, moj
  • Who they report to, society, offenders and their family to create support and improve conditions
  • Reach, nationwide reach helps cases all around the UK
  • who regulates, pia sinha the chief executive of the trust
• AC 3.2 contribution of other agencies in achieving social control: gaps in state provision

  Needs to consider which agencies are able to complete social control, although many agencies use tactics and mechanisms that contribute to social control sometimes these failed due to gaps in state provision

  • Resources/lack of Gov funding, state social control agencies is usually come from taxes and there’s limits on how much the public are prepared to pay for those services, gov will often make cuts to budgets during recsessions