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• Socialisation


  The process of learning the culture, norms, and values of society
• Gender roles


  • Women are expected to be maternal and caring, while men are expected to be tough and hardworking
• Mead-Chambri-Men had passive caring roles, while women had aggressive dominant roles in the tribe
• Nature VS Nurture


  Debate between innate identity/gender roles (nature) and learned behaviors (nurture)
• Studies supporting nature


  • Bouchard's Twins study showed twins raised separately turned out nearly identical
  • Money's experiment of raising a boy as a girl resulted in rejection of female identity
• Studies supporting nurture


  • Curtiss' study of Genie Wiley, who lacked social skills due to isolation
• Primary Socialisation


  Occurs from birth to age 5 within the family. Children learn language, norms, and values from parents
• Secondary Socialisation


  Continues throughout life from sources beyond the family
• Peers


  • Have a significant impact during school years (ages 5-18) and influence behavior
  • More influential than family in shaping behavior
• Peer groups


  • Formation of cultural comfort zones within peer groups
  • Peer pressure on teenage girls, revealing double standards in sexual behavior enforcement
  • Gendered play in primary school peer groups
• Education


  • Formal curriculum (e.g., Maths, English, Science) and hidden curriculum (e.g., punctuality, uniformity)
• Media


  • Influences stereotypes and societal norms, like Mulvey's concept of the male gaze
• Religion


  • Shapes views on issues like divorce and homosexuality, influencing prejudices
• Workplace


  • Key for adult socialisation through formal mechanisms like dress codes and codes of conduct. Waddington's concept of 'Canteen Culture' in the met police highlights workplace socialisation issues
• Formal Mechanisms of Social Control


  Include warnings from police, court sanctions, workplace dismissal, school exclusion, and family expulsion
• Informal Mechanisms of Social Control


  Involve social exclusion, parental disappointment, media criticism, job-related consequences like lack of promotion or employment