Transport and Circulation in Plants and Animals

• circulatory or transport system- system that transports nutrients, respiratory gases, and metabolic products throughout a living organism
• xylem- carries water and minerals upward from the roots to its different parts
• phloem- moves water and nutrients throughout the different parts of the plant
• heart- a muscle that is about the size of a fist that pumps blood throughout the body
• pulmonary and aortic valve- opens when the ventricle contract
• tricuspid and mitral valve- opens when the atria contracts
• blood vessels- a tube which the blood circulates in the body
• artery- thick and elastic red colored muscular wall that carries blood away from the heart
• vein- a thinner blue colored muscular walls that returns blood back to the heart
• capillary- a tiny one cell thick vessel that connects the arteries and veins together
• erythrocytes- red blood cells that removes waste and delivers oxygen
• leukocytes- white blood cells that help to defend the body against infection
• thrombocytes- platelets form a clot and prevent bleeding
• open circulatory system- the blood is not enclosed in blood vessels
• closed circulatory system- blood is contained in blood vessels
• closed circulatory systems are characteristics of vertebrates
• fish- have a single circuit for blood flow and a two chambered heart that has only a single atrium and single ventricle
• amphibians- have a three chambered heart that has two atria and one ventricle
• reptiles- also have a three chambered heart that directs blood to the pulmonary and systemic circuits
• mammals- heart is divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles
• pulmonary circulation- movement of blood from the heart to the lugs and back to the heart
• coronary circulation- movement of blood through the tissues of the heart
• systemic circulation- movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the body, excluding the lungs