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• First Aid


  The provision of immediate care to a victim with an injury or illness, usually affected by a layperson, and performed within a limited skill range
• Guiding Principles and Purpose of First Aid


  • Preserve Life
  • Prevent Further Injury
  • Promote Recovery
• Limitation The nature of First Aid means that most people will only have a limited knowledge, and first aiders are advised to seek professional help when they reach the limits of their knowledge
• Characteristics of a Good First Aider

  • Gentle
  • Resourceful
  • Sympathetic
  • Observant
  • Tactful
• Objectives of First Aid


  • Preserve Life
  • Prevent Further Harm and Complications
  • Seek Immediate Medical Help
  • Provide Reassurance
• Expressed or Verbal Consent


  Communicated to you either verbally or in written form
• Implied Consent


  Happens when you are unable to communicate with the victim
• Abandonment


  Leaving a victim after starting to give help without ensuring someone else will continue the care at the same level or higher
• Negligence


  Not following accepted standards of care and causing injury to the victim
• Breach of Duty


  A first aider breaches or breaks his or her duty to a victim by failing to provide the type of care that would be provided by a person having the same or similar training
• Good Samaritan Immunity Applies When


  • Acting during an emergency
  • Acting in good faith, which means he or she has good intentions
  • Acting without compensation
  • Not guilty of any malicious misconduct or gross negligence toward the victim
• Written record - It is a good practice to record in writing the details of any first aid you provide at an incident. This information may become necessary if the incident is brought to court. In the workplace, it is a requirement to record all incidents.
• Common Transmittable Diseases

  • Herpes
  • Meningitis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Hepatitis
• Bandage


  A piece of material used either to support a medical device, as a dressing or splint, or on its own to provide support to or to restrict the movement of a part of the body
• Dressing


  Applied directly on a wound, and a bandage used to hold the dressing in place
• Elastic Bandage


  Used to reduce swelling or provide support to a sprained ankle
• Tight Bandages


  Can be used to slow blood flow to an extremity, such as when a leg or arm is bleeding heavily
• Steps of Bandaging the Wound


  1. Dress the wound

  2. Cover the bandage

  3. Secure the bandage

  4. Check circulation
• ROLLER BANDAGES – are the most common type of bandage, they are used primarily for holding dressings against wounds.
• Triangular bandages


  Amongst the most versatile types of bandaging, usually found in a first aid kit
• Tubular bandages


  Perhaps the least versatile of the three conventional bandages
• Casualty lifting


  The first step of the casualty movement, an early aspect of emergency medical care
• Ankle pull


  The fastest method for moving a victim a short distance over a smooth surface
• Shoulder pull


  Preferred to the ankle pull, it supports the head of the victim
• One person lift


  Only works with a child or a very light person
• Pack-strap carry


  When injuries make the firefighter carry unsafe, this method is better for longer distances than the one-person lift
• Human crutch/two-person drag


  For the conscious victim, this carry allows the victim to swing their leg using the rescuers as a pair of crutches
• Blanket pull


  Preferred method for dragging a victim, place the victim on the blanket by using the "logroll" or the three-person lift
• Four-handed seat


  Technique for carrying conscious and alert victims at a moderate distance
• Three-person or stretcher


  Technique for lifting a patient into a bed or stretcher or for transporting them short distances
• Hammock carry


  Three or more rescuers get on both sides of the victim, the strongest member is on the side with the fewest rescuers
• Improvised stretcher


  Requires two poles/pipes strong enough to support the victim's weight and at least two shirts
• Chair carry


  Good method for carrying victims up and down stairs or through narrow or uneven areas
• Two-handed seat


  Technique for carrying a victim longer distances, can support an unconscious victim
• According to the Article 12 No. 4 of Act No. 3815 of the Philippine Revised Penal Code Book One “Any person who, while performing a lawful act with due care, causes an injury by mere accident without fault or intention of causing it” is Exempt.
• According to the Article 275 No. 1 and 2 of Act No. 3815 of the Philippine revised penal code book two: “Abandonment of person in danger and abandonment of one’s own victim.”
• THREE MAIN TYPES OF BANDAGES

  -       ROLLER BANDAGES

  -       TRIANGULAR BANDAGES

  -       TUBULAR BANDAGES