Topic 10

Cards (25)

  • What do we need and where does it come from?
    • Oxygen
    • Water
    • Food
    • Clothes
    • Shelter
    • Warmth
    • Electricity
    • Fuels for transport
    • Medicines
    • Fertilisers
    • Metals
    • Plastic
    • Air
    • Rain (seawater and freshwater)
    • Plants and animals
    • Plants, animals, crude oil
    • Building materials such as limestone
  • Burning fuels
    1. From oil
    2. Alternative sources
  • Obtaining fuels for transport
    Burning fuels from crude oil
  • Obtaining medicines and fertilisers
    From crude oil or plants
  • Obtaining air and rain
    Plant / animal waste, air
  • Obtaining metals
    Ores in the earth's crust
  • Obtaining plastic
    Chemicals from crude oil
  • Sustainable development
    Using resources to meet the needs of today without preventing people in the future from meeting their needs
  • Reducing use of resources
    1. Reuse
    2. Recycle - involves product being melted down and then the material being remoulded into a new product
  • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

    An assessment of the impact of a product on the environment throughout its life
  • Factors considered in LCA
    • Use of and sustainability of raw materials (including packaging)
    • Use of energy at all stages
    • Use of water at all stages
    • Production of and disposal of waste products
    • Transportation and distribution
  • Types of water
    • Pure water
    • Potable water
    • Fresh water
    • Ground water
    • Sea water
    • Waste water
  • Potable water
    Water that is safe to drink, containing low levels of dissolved solids and microbes
  • Treating potable water in the UK
    1. Filter to remove solids
    2. Sterilisation to kill microbes
  • Obtaining potable water from seawater
    Desalination - Distillation or Reverse osmosis
  • Treating waste water
    1. Screening and grit removal
    2. Sedimentation
    3. Aerobic treatment
    4. Anaerobic treatment of sludge
  • Gold alloys
    • Measure of purity is carats
    • 21 carat gold is 87.5% pure gold
  • Types of steel
    • High carbon steel
    • Low carbon steel
    • Stainless steel
  • Methods to prevent corrosion

    • Surface coating
    • Sacrificial protection
  • Extracting copper from low-grade ores
    1. Phytomining
    2. Bioleaching
    3. Leaching
  • Obtaining copper from solutions
    1. Electrolysis
    2. Displacement reaction using scrap iron/steel
  • Other materials
    • Polymers (thermosoftening and thermosetting)
    • Glass
    • Clay ceramics
    • Composites
  • Haber process

    • Used to produce ammonia
    • Reactants are nitrogen and hydrogen
    • Reaction is reversible
  • Conditions used in industry for the Haber process are: Temperature, Pressure, Catalyst
  • Making NPK fertilisers
    1. Contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds
    2. Ammonium nitrate is a common ingredient
    3. Potassium salts and calcium phosphate are other sources