Personal Development (Midterms)

• Self-concept


  Your perception of yourself and how you define and understand yourself as a multidimensional (physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and moral) human being
• Self-esteem


  A positive or negative self-evaluation of the self-concept
• Self-worth


  How much you value yourself
• Self-efficacy


  Your belief and confidence that you can accomplish tasks and control your environment
• Self-complexity


  The varying ways in which you can think about yourself, which can be high or low according to researchers
• Self-Awareness Theory


  • When you focus on yourself, there is the tendency to compare what you currently observe to the standards you set for yourself
• Self-Discrepancy Theory


  • When there is a mismatch between your ideal self and your actual self, this becomes a source of distress for you and is much likely to affect your self-esteem
• Self-Concept Clarity


  Having a clear and defined self-concept
• Types of Self Awareness

  • Internal Self Awareness
  • External Self Awareness
• Steps to Become More Self-Aware

  1. Ask yourself why

  2. Delay gratification

  3. Take feedback constructively

  4. Let go of biases

  5. Use tools to know yourself

  6. Reflect often
• Individual differences


  The differences and similarities among people in a psychological way
• Demographics


  The statistical characteristics of people like their gender, their religion, their age, their marital status and the like. The categorization and grouping are meant to provide a quick view of how members are grouped
• Social Learning Theory


  • People learn from each other through observation, modeling, and imitation
• Conditions for Effective Modeling

  • Attention
  • Retention
  • Reproduction
  • Motivation
• Benefits of keeping a journal

  • A way to vent or express safely
  • It enhances creativity
  • Recording good ideas
  • Habit formation
  • Mental health tool
• Holistic Development


  An adolescent is constantly changing. You may not be aware of this, but for every second that passes, your whole body changes
• Physiological Development


  This includes the five senses and other physical characteristics including the changes in the body and the development of skills related to mobility or movement
• Cognitive Development


  The processes of knowing which includes remembering, attending, and reasoning. It also involves the contents of these processes like memories and concepts
• Cognitive processes


  Include the higher mental processes like memory, language, perception, problem-solving, and abstract thinking
• Attitude


  One of the aspects that is influenced by mental skills
• Social and Emotional Development


  Our inherent capability to form relationships with others stems from our basic need to belong. Emotions are biochemical reactions that alter the body's physical state, primarily for species survival
• Feelings


  Mental reactions to emotions, influenced by personal beliefs, experiences, and memories, and can be labeled or assigned meanings
• Spiritual Development


  Characterized by the discovery and experience of the inner guide that steers the values and beliefs of a person
• Values


  The judgment that people make about issues, people, or things. They are subjective because their formation is shaped by their upbringing and life experiences
• Virtue


  The quality that echoes or reflects the values
• Psychological Development


  • Focuses on how cognitive, emotional, and social skills interact with others
  • Analyzes an individual's growth and development throughout their lifespan
  • Explains changes in each area based on their relationship to human behavior
  • Explains how cognitive beliefs, emotional responses, and observable behavior interact
  • Recognizes that a person's holism is based on the development of physiological, cognitive, social and emotional, spiritual, and psychological areas
• Dualism


  Rene Descartes' theory of duality. Duality involves understanding nature dually. Both exist, cannot be separated or independent
• Mind/Body


  Your thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and attitudes affect the body either in a positive or negative way
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)


  • Theory suggests behavior is influenced by thoughts and feelings
  • Aims to correct misconceptions, false beliefs, and faulty reasoning for healthy adjustment and connection
  • Behaviors are products of a process, influenced by thoughts and feelings
  • Combination of these two leads to observable action (behavior)
• Breaking the Cycle


  1. Rewards and Associations

  2. Changing irrational beliefs

  3. Reflection and automatic judgments
• Self-Evaluation


  The act of recognizing and evaluating the thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of the person and creating helpful and beneficial steps to understand the self and other people
• Adolescence: Rapid Development Period


  • Transition from childhood to adulthood
  • Physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development
  • Caused by hereditary and environmental influences
• Physical development


  Changes in the size, appearance, functions and physical capacities of an individual
• Cognitive development


  Different intellectual abilities and thought processes
• Socioemotional development


  Regulation and management of emotions and feelings, interpersonal skills and different aspects of behavior
• Principles of Development


  • Sequential
  • Individualized
  • Gradual
  • Holistic
• "Storm and Stress" in Adolescence


  • Adolescents experience depressed moods due to peer relations or failed relationships
  • They become more sensitive to changes in themselves and others
  • Adolescence is a time for delinquency and sensation-seeking tendencies, reflecting increased risk-taking behavior
• Identity vs. Identity Confusion in Adolescence

  • Adolescents face Identity vs. Identity Confusion, attempting to answer questions about their identity and societal place
  • Erikson suggests choosing personal values and paths can lead to a strong identity, but not can hinder future adult roles
• Imaginary Audience and Personal Fable


  • Imagination leads to the concept of an imaginary audience, fostering a strong sense of self-importance and leading to high self-esteem
  • This belief in one's specialness and invincibility leads to risk-taking behavior, a concept known as personal fable
• Developmental Tasks In Relation to the SELF

  • Accept, care and protect one's physical body
  • Manage one's sexuality and the roles that go with it
  • Select and prepare for a job or career
  • Adopt a personal set of values to guide behavior