READING AND WRITING REVIWER

• Claim


  A statement or discourse that involves a speaker's awareness of an audience, and deals with a search for agreement
• Types of claims


  • Claim of Fact
  • Claim of Judgment or Value
  • Action or Policy
• Claim of Fact


  A claim that asserts some empirical truth, something that can be determined by careful observation of past, present, or future
• Claim of Judgment or Value

  A claim that asserts a judgment, often using key words that are a matter of judgment rather than fact: good, well, kind, useful, desirable, etc.
• Action or Policy claim


  A claim that asserts that an action should be taken, often using keywords like "should" or "ought"
• Critical reading


  The art of asking oneself about a text, such as "Why did it happen? How did it happen? What should have been instead, or be done thereafter?"
• Critical reading trains a reader to believe in their capacity to think beyond the text and cultivate critical thinking skills
• If critical reading skills are well developed, nurtured and enhanced, the reader is challenged to reason out and justify their thoughts, ideas and decisions
• Reading the lines of a text is important, but the heart of reading goes beyond it
• To students, it is highly essential to analyze both the content and context of a text in order to make its meaning more alive
• Project proposal


  A written presentation of a project, program, or innovation that you plan to implement, with the main goal of creating a plan to convince a funding agency to invest in the proposal
• Guidelines for making a project proposal

  • Project Background
  • Project Objectives
  • Project Methodology
  • Project Cost
• Project Background


  Explain what needs/problems you are trying to solve, and why these needs/problems are worth solving. You may provide a brief history behind the project.
• Project Objectives


  States explicitly what goals/outcomes the project is aiming to achieve
• Project Methodology


  Indicate the plans on how the project objectives will be achieved, including a description of the overall approach and details on how anticipated problems will be managed
• Work and Time Breakdown

  A list of tasks that will be performed for the project, which may include a milestone chart
• Project Deliverables


  A list of the products, information, reports, etc. that will be delivered to the client at the end and throughout the duration of the project
• Project Cost


  Indicate the financial requirements of the project
• Organization


  The logical and accurate arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a definite order in a paragraph, essay, or speech
• Types of paragraph organization

  • Chronological Order
  • Order of Importance
  • Spatial Order
  • Definition Order
  • Classification
  • Process
  • Cause and Effect
  • Comparison and Contrast
  • Listing
  • Clarification
  • Summary
  • Example
  • Addition
• Coherence


  The overall sense of unity in a passage, including both the main point of sentences and the main point of each paragraph
• Cohesion


  The connection of ideas both at the sentence level and at the paragraph level, which affects the tone of writing
• Unity


  When a composition is focused on one idea and all supporting ideas are relevant to the main thought