Professional Development

• Ego states


  The three ego states in transactional analysis: Parent, Adult, and Child
• Ego states


  • They are not fixed, but rather fluid and can change depending on the situation and context
  • Individuals can switch between these ego states depending on the context and their own needs
• Transactional analysis


  A theory in psychology developed by Eric Berne that aims to help people identify their ego states and learn how to switch between them to achieve better communication and relationships with others
• Parent ego state


  • Characterized by learned behaviors, attitudes, and values from parental figures, authority figures, or society in general
  • Can be nurturing and supportive, providing guidance and support, or critical and judgmental, imposing values and rules
  • Divided into two sub-ego states: the nurturing parent and the critical parent
• Parent ego state

  • Nurturing parent: Offering support, encouragement, and guidance
  • Critical parent: Taking a judgmental or critical tone, offering unsolicited advice or criticism
• Adult ego state

  • Characterized by a rational and objective approach, focused on problem-solving and decision-making
  • Operates in the present and is free from biases and prejudices
  • Thought to be the healthiest and most balanced state of mind
• Adult ego state

  • Gathering information: Asking questions to clarify goals and objectives
  • Analyzing information: Weighing pros and cons and considering feasibility of options
  • Making decisions: Making rational, logical decisions based on facts
• Child ego state


  • Characterized by emotions, feelings, and behaviors that were learned during childhood
  • Divided into two sub-ego states: the free child and the adapted child
• Child ego state


  • Free child: Feeling playful, spontaneous, and carefree
  • Adapted child: Feeling shy, self-conscious, or anxious, conforming to social norms
• Transactional analysis and ego states

  Can be applied in building healthy relationships by improving communication, setting and respecting boundaries, resolving conflicts, and promoting emotional regulation
• Communication


  • Understanding ego states can help improve communication by ensuring partners are communicating from complementary ego states
• Boundaries


  • Understanding ego states can help with setting and respecting boundaries by allowing partners to assert their needs or preferences from their Adult ego state
• Conflict resolution


  • Understanding ego states can help with resolving conflicts by identifying the source of the conflict and responding with empathy and support
• Emotional regulation


  • Understanding ego states can help with emotional regulation by allowing partners to recognize when they are being triggered and respond from their Adult ego state
• Contamination of ego states


  When the behavior or emotions of one ego state spill over into another ego state, leading to a disruption in the individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
• Contamination of ego states

  • A person in a meeting with their boss becomes defensive and critical (Parent ego state) and starts to pout and withdraw (Child ego state)
• Overcoming contamination of ego states

  • Practicing self-awareness, using mindfulness techniques, developing healthy coping mechanisms, seeking support from a therapist, and practicing effective communication
• Types of transactions


  Complementary transactions: Sender and receiver respond from the same ego state

  Crossed transactions: Sender and receiver respond from different ego states

  Ulterior transactions: Sender and receiver communicate on multiple levels simultaneously
• Complementary transactions typically lead to effective communication and understanding
• Crossed transactions can lead to misunderstandings and ineffective communication
• Ulterior transactions can be manipulative and lead to confusion and conflict
• Mature Adult


  • Autonomy
  • Awareness
  • Integrity
  • Emotional Regulation
  • Flexibility
  • Empathy
• Complementary Transactions


  Sender and receiver respond to each other from the same ego state
• Crossed Transactions


  Sender and receiver respond to each other from different ego states
• Ulterior Transactions


  Hidden or underlying message in the communication
• Crossed transactions can lead to miscommunication, misunderstandings, and conflicts
• Ulterior transactions often have hidden agendas and can lead to misunderstandings and conflict
• Understanding different types of transactions and how they operate in the three ego states can help improve communication and prevent conflicts
• Reactive Response


  Responding to situations after they have already occurred
• Proactive Response


  Taking action before a situation or problem arises
• Differences between Reactive and Proactive Responses

  • Timing
  • Control
  • Focus
  • Emotions
  • Results
• Discipline in Problem Solving

  • Define the problem clearly
  • Gather information
  • Analyze the information
  • Develop a plan
  • Implement the plan
  • Evaluate the results
• Discipline in Solving Personal Problems

  • Identify the problem
  • Break the problem down into smaller steps
  • Set achievable goals
  • Create a plan
  • Hold yourself accountable
  • Stay focused
  • Learn from your mistakes
  • Celebrate your successes
• Learning from Mistakes


  • Acknowledge the mistake
  • Analyze the mistake
  • Take action
  • Reflect on the experience
• Learning from mistakes can make us more resilient, adaptable, and effective in our personal and professional lives