Mining and Recycling

• 9 Things you need to know about mining in PH

  1. PH is the 5th most mineral-rich country for gold, nickel, copper, and chromite. Home to the largest copper-gold deposit in the world, with $840B worth.
  2. All the regions (except NCR and ARMM) allow mining operations.
  3. ~30M hectares is deemed possible areas for metallic minerals
  4. Metal deposit is ~21.5B metric tons and 19.3B for non-metallic
  5. 211K jobs are created
  6. Gross production value increases every year. 2010 = $3.2B
  7. Mining Act of 1995
  8. Mining Tax is only 2%
  9. 1,828 mining application
• Mining Act of 1995 - Allows foreign ownership of mining assets and exploration permits. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the foreign investors' participation in mining activities in 2004.
• Mining tax is low at 2% for metallic and non-metallic minerals. The current Aquino administration, however, wants to increase revenues through an additional 5% royalty tax for mining permits within mining reservation areas and increase the filing fee charges.
• Responsible Mining should:

  1. Bring national and local economic gain (gain from taxes and generate jobs and wages)
  2. Protect and preserve the environment (not generate ghost towns)
  3. Communities especially the indigenous ones should not displaced
• Why mining in Chile works?

  Government is part-owner and mining company is required to restore and clean up the ecology of the mining site.
• Mining vs Tourism

  • Mining - limited time period only up to 17 years and the resources are consumed
  • Tourism - long term and equal benefits; need no high skill manpower; employment multiplier
• Garbology - wasted or spoiled food and other refuse, as from a kitchen or household; it is also a thing that is considered worthless or meaningless
• Kinds of Solid Waste

  • Non-biodegradable
  • Biodegradable
  • Toxic
• Non-biodegradable

  • waste that doesn't degrade or takes beyond a feasible amount of time to degrade
• Biodegradable

  • waste that degrades within a reasonable amount of time
• Toxic - Material that can potentially harm those in contact with it
• Factors that contribute to solid waste

  1. Rapid urbanization
  2. Changing lifestyles
  3. Consumption patterns
  4. Public indifference
  5. Spiralling population growth ratees
• Waste Lifespan

  • Organic waste - 1 week
  • Paper - 1 month (wet condi)
  • Cotton cloth - 2 to 5 mon
  • Wood - 10-15y
  • Woolen items - 1y
  • Metals (except iron) - 100y
  • Plastic - 1My
  • Glass - unknown
• Of the 16 regions in the country, the NCR accounts for 23% of the total solid waste generated in the country annually
• Improper Waste Management leads to:

  • Disease epidemics
  • Flood
  • Landslides