FIRE HAZARD

• Fire Tetrahedron


  A triangular pyramid that reminds us of the four important ingredients to initiate and sustain fire: heat, fuel, oxidizing agent, and uninhibited chemical reaction
• Fire


  Has been used by early humans for survival and is important tools in building both ancient and modern civilizations
• Modern uses of fire

  • Cooking
  • Baking
  • Heating
  • Lighting
  • Pottery
  • Bricks making
  • Metal forging
  • Signaling
  • Propulsion
  • Power generation
• Fire can also influence the type of population of flora and fauna
• Heat


  An energy that flows from an object of high temperature to an object of low temperature, can be produced in many ways both by man and nature

  
• Fuel


  Any solid, liquid or gaseous substance that can be burned
• Pyrolysis


  A chemical decomposition of solid fuels which produces gas fuel through application of heat
• Gaseous fuel ignite and burn readily and do not require the application of additional heat before combustion
• Oxidizing Agent


  An element or a compound which releases oxygen or other oxidizers during a chemical reaction
• Uninhibited Chemical Chain Reaction

  Combustion or burning-an exothermic reaction becomes self-sustained because the heat given off during combustion is used again to heat the fuel and maintain the burning
• Wildfires


  Any natural or anthropogenic-caused uncontrolled fire in remote areas where there is extensive combustible vegetation or organic material like forest grasslands, shrublands, brushlands, scrublands, and peatlands
• Types of wildfires


  • Ground fires
  • Surface Fires
  • Crown fires
  • Ladder Fuels
• Causes of Wildfires


  • Natural (lightning strikes, lava flows)
  • Human activities (kaingin, charcoal production, accidental fire)
• Causes of building Fires

  • Unattended cooking equipment and other household fires sources (oil, LPG tanks, smoking, candles, curiosity)
  • Electrical Appliances and wiring problems (improper house wiring, uncertified electrical problems, worn out power cords, overloading)
  • Haphazardly stored flammable liquids and other easily combustible materials
  • Fireworks and fire crackers
  • Arson

  
• Classes of Fires


  • Class A (cloth, wood, paper, plastics, rubber, trash)
  • Class B (combustible liquid such as fuel, alcohol, gasoline, lacquers, oil, base paint, petroleum oil)
  • Class C (powered electrical equipment like home appliance, motors and transformers)
  • Class D (combustible metals such as aluminum, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium, zirconium)
  • Class K (cooking oil and grease)
• Fire Extinguishing Methods


  • Water foam (isolate heat, block oxygen)
  • Carbon dioxide (extinguish and isolate oxygen)
  • Dry Chemicals (break chemical reaction)
  • Wet chemical (remove heat, prevent reignition)
  • Clean Agent (halogenated extinguishers for class B and C)
  • Dry Powder (for class D fires)
  • Water Mist (for class A and C)