Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses

• What is the difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic cells are larger and have a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells are smaller and have no nucleus.
• What is DNA associated with in eukaryotic cells?

  Histone proteins.
• What shape is DNA in eukaryotic cells?

  Linear.
• What cells have membrane-bounded organelles?

  Eukaryotic cells.
• What are present in eukaryotic cells?

  Chloroplasts.
• What ribosomes do eukaryotic cells have?

  80s ribosomes.
• What 2 things are not present in eukaryotic cells?

  Plasmids and a capsule.
• What is the cell wall made of in eukaryotic cells?

  Cellulose.
• What is the cell wall made of in fungi?

  Chitin.
• What ribosomes are the largest?

  80s ribosomes.
• What is some DNA in the form of in prokaryotic cells?

  Plasmids.
• What is DNA not associated with in prokaryotic cells?

  Proteins.
• What 3 things are not present in prokaryotic cells?

  A nucleus, membrane-bounded organelles, and chloroplasts.
• What is the cell wall made of in prokaryotic cells?

  Murein.
• What is present in prokaryotic cells?

  A capsule.
• What ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?

  70s ribosomes.
• What is the size of a bacteria cell?

  Very small, 0.1-10 micrometres in length.
• What are cell walls made of in bacteria cells?


  Murein.
• What is murein?


  A polymer of polysaccharides and peptides.
• What do some bacteria cells secrete around the cell wall?

  A capsule of slime.
• What do bacteria store food reserves as?

  Glycogen granules and oil droplets.
• What is the genetic material in the form of in a bacteria cell?

  A circular strand of DNA and plasmids.
• What are plasmids used as?


  Vectors in genetic engineering.
• What do vectors do?

  Carry genetic information.
• What can the genetic material do in a bacteria cell?

  Reproduce independently and give the bacterium resistance to harmful chemicals.
• What is the role of a cell wall in a bacteria cell?

  It is a physical barrier which excludes substances and protects against mechanical damage and osmotic lysis.
• What is the role of a capsule in a bacteria cell?

  It protects the bacterium from other cells and helps lots of bacteria stick together for further protection.
• What is the role of a cell membrane in a bacteria cell?

  It is a differentially permeable layer that controls the entry and exit of chemicals.
• What is the role of circular DNA in a bacteria cell?

  It possesses the genetic information for replication.
• What is the role of plasmids in a bacteria cell?


  It possesses genes that aid for the survival of the bacteria in adverse conditions.
• What are the features of a bacteria cell?

  Flagellum, circle of DNA, cytoplasm, capsule, 70s ribosomes, cell wall, cell membrane, and plasmids.
• What are the features of a HIV virus?

  Genetic material, attachment proteins, capsid, lipid envelope, matrix, and reverse transcriptase.
• What is reverse transcriptase?

  An enzyme.
• What does cytoplasm contain?

  Enzymes and other soluble materials.
• What is a plasmid?


  A small circular piece of DNA.
• What is a capsule?

  A mucilaginous layer of slime.
• What may there be more than 1 of in a bacteria cell?

  Flagella.
• What are viruses?

  Acellular, non-living particles.
• What is the size of a virus?

  Smaller than bacteria, 20-300 nm.
• What do viruses contain?

  Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).