Migration Topic 2

• Why did the Huguenots come to England?


  Religious persecution - Louis XIV made Protestantism illegal in France

  Religious freedom - accepted in England
• Why did the Palatines come to England?


  Better life - escaping from conflict in Palatinate.
• Why did the Jews come to England?


  Persecution - 100,000 killed in Ukraine.

  Tolerance - Elizabeth I had Jewish doctor, Oliver Cromwell felt sympathy for them.
• Why did the African migrants come to England?


  Opportunities - Great Chain of Being, bottom 3 tiers are animals, plants and non-living things, since Africans were not in these categories English thought to respect them a bit more, slavery illegal in England.

  Seeking refuge - 1400s some captured as slaves in Europe but escaped. Some in Spain in 1568 persecuted for being Muslims who were plotting against the Catholic government.
• Why did the Indian migrants come to England?


  Economic - job opportunities, offered employment to servants.

  Migrated with employers.
• How did the Huguenots migrate to England?

  1681 - King Charles II offered denizen status, means they were allowed to stay but had limited rights, e.g. politically.

  1709 - Foreign Protestants Nationality Act, accepted for weaving skills
• How did the Palatines migrate to England?


  1709 - Foreign Naturalisation Act, swore loyalty to the Crown.
• How did the Jews migrate to England?

  1655 - Jewish rabbi went to Cromwell and argued that Jews should be allowed back into England. Agreed and gathered with leaders to explain why they would be useful to the economy. Cromwell passed law saying they were allowed back into England claiming they could be trusted because they were useful.
• What was the experience of the Huguenots like?


  Positive.

  Got admirable jobs - skills as weavers

  Welcomed - Elizabeth I issued edicts to encourage immigration.

  Religion - were Protestants.
• What was the experience of the Palatines like?


  Negative.

  Deportation - 1709, 3000 deported to Ireland and disliked by Irish Catholic majority.

  Poor conditions - refugee camps, overcrowded led to disease outbreaks.
• What was the experience of the Jewish migrants like?


  Positive and Negative.

  Settlement - 1701, first synagogue in London. Settled in trading ports and successfully set up work.

  Not fully accepted - often treated as outsiders and were subject to discrimination. Not allowed to work as lawyers and were given negative stereotypes against them in music and theatre.
• What was the experience of the African migrants like?


  Positive and Negative.

  Internalised Racism - given important roles in society, e.g. John Blanke was trumpeter for Henry VIII. Were treated as fashion statements.
• What was the experience of the Indian migrants like?


  Positive and Negative.

  Found work - lascars (sailors) and ayahs (nannies) could easily be dismissed.

  Child servants treated as fashion statements.
• What was the experience of Gypsies like?


  Negative.

  Forced transportation - 1650s government began transportation into slavery in north USA and Caribbean.

  Persecution - 1530 Henry VIII ordered all to leave England.
• What was the impact of the Huguenots?


  Economic - Cloth trade, influenced English weavers.

  Manufacturing industry, iron workers helped develop steel industry.

  London = financial centre, skilled in Investment, money helped expand British Empire.

  Cultural - Fashion, lace-making, growth of textile industry.

  Language, French words into English vocabulary.

  Art, Hans Holbein, Henry VIII, showed world of life in England.
• What was the impact of the Jews?


  Economic - Banking and finance, emerging banking sectors, e.g. Lombard Street, centre of English banking street.

  Merchant and trade, involved in importing and exporting goods, expansion of trade networks
• What was the impacts of the Dutch migrants?


  Agriculture - Fens 1642, 40,000 acres of land drained and turned into fertile farmland. Changed landscape, lakes windmills and dams.
• Case Study - Flemish weavers in Sandwich

  Why - needed 'men of knowledge', escape religious persecution of Catholics in Low Countries.

  Experience - 1561, 25 families set up textile workshops, cloth trade introduced markets to attract visitors.

  Impact - introduced crops like carrot and celery, style of houses

  Negative Attitudes - began to worry that the 'strangers' were taking their jobs, in 1582 45 families left.

  Restrictions - could only employ English for their workshops, not allowed to take jobs unless they had been declined by English first.
• Case Study - Walloon weavers in Canterbury

  Why - economy was suffering, needed for their skills, fleeing from Catholic rulers.

  Experience - increased from 1600 to 3000 by 1595, markets became centre of community, cloth making boosted economy and created jobs.

  Impact - boosted economy

  Positive attitudes - businesses provided jobs for locals, were accepted as part of the city.