Volcanoes

• Volcanoes occur when plates collide or separate magma from the magma chamber rises and fills the space of the Vent. Magma also heats up during this process, when magma reaches the surface it creates an opening of the crafter. When magma cools and hardens is turned into lava. After a lot of eruptions old layers of ash and rock form and create the code.

  
• The Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption was a violent and explosive eruption. A positive impact of this volcanic eruption was that it attracted tourist to go to Iceland to visit the tourist centre. This providesthe local area with employment,resulting in lower unemployment rates. The income tax from these workers can be used to improve/repair infrastructure and roads .
• Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland April 2010
• Positive impact of volcano - eyjafjallajökul

  social impacts

  • Reduced unemployment : Development of tourism, created jobs in hotels, restaurants, tourist attractions etc. Increased tourism.
  • Big promo campaign, big increase in tourism 500,000 in 2010, then in 2016: it increased to 1.8m.
• Negative social

  • Contaminated water supply : Ash polluted local water. Farmers could not let animals drink from streams.
  • Evacuation of locals : 500 farmers & families had to leave their homes/ Locals & rescuers had to wear face masks to avoid choking on ash
• Economic impact - positive - volcano

  • Income: Visitor centre built, visiting tourists boost income for the local community as they spend money in local areas in restaurants, hotels etc.
  • Fertile soil : Lava and ash are rich in nutrients, making soil very fertile & excellent for agriculture, increasing output.
  • Geothermal energy: Many volcanoes are a source ofheat & electricity. Geothermal (heat from ground) used to heat 90% of homes in Iceland. V. efficient & saves households a lot of money
• Negative - economic impacts - volcano

  • Travel Chaos Over 8 days: 100,000 European flights cancelled due to poor visibility & fear that tiny ash particles would clog up engines - 20 countries closed airspace costing airlines and businesses about 145m per day.
  • Loss of earnings: Countries such as Kenya, selling fresh fruit, veg, and flowers to the EU were affected as they could no longer be sold abroad by plane. Over 1m flower stalks unsold in first 2 days of eruption