Proteinsynthesis

• Protein synthesis


  The process of making proteins
• Protein synthesis


  1. Transcription

  2. Translation
• Transcription


  The process of taking a single gene of DNA and copying it into a structure called mRNA
• Translation


  The process of taking the mRNA strand and using it to produce a protein
• Inside almost every cell is a nucleus that contains all the genetic material of that cell in the form of DNA
• DNA


  Contains thousands of genes which are each small sections of the DNA that have a specific sequence of bases and so are able to code for a specific sequence of amino acids which when combined will form a particular protein
• The specific sequence of bases has to be read by structures called ribosomes which are outside of the nucleus
• DNA is too big to leave the nucleus, so a copy called mRNA is made to take the gene to the ribosome
• mRNA


  Messenger RNA, a copy of a single gene that is shorter than DNA, single-stranded, and contains uracil instead of thymine
• Transcription


  RNA polymerase binds to DNA, separates the strands, and reads the bases to build the complementary mRNA strand
• Template strand


  The DNA strand that the RNA polymerase moves along to make the mRNA
• Translation


  1. mRNA and ribosome bind together

  2. Ribosome adds one amino acid at a time, brought by tRNA molecules with complementary anticodons

  3. Ribosome moves along mRNA, joining amino acids into a chain

  4. Completed amino acid chain detaches from ribosome and folds into a protein
• Codon


  A group of three bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
• tRNA


  Transfer RNA, molecules that bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon
• Anticodon


  The three bases on tRNA that are complementary to the mRNA codon