science

• a volcanic eruption is the expulsion of gases, rock fragments, and molten lava within the earth through a vent onto the Earth's surface or into the atmosphere.
• Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's surface.
• the magma blasts into the air and breaks apart into pieces called tephra.
• Tephra can range in size from tiny particles of ash to house-size boulders.
• Types of volcanoes

  1. composite volcanoes
  2. stratovolcanoes
  3. cinder or scoria cones
  4. shield volcanoes
  5. caldera volcanoes
  6. submarine volcanoes
• submarine volcanoes also known as seamounts (underwater mountains).
• magmatic chamber is a deposit of molten rock or magma that lies beneath the earth's crust at high pressure.
• volcanic chimney is the space that communicates the magmatic chamber with the exterior.
• crater it is the hole or opening of the volcano.
• volcanic cone the various liquid, solid, and gaseous materials expelled from the volcano from the earth's interior.
• secondary cones in the event that fissures are created by the pressure exerted by the gases during the eruption.
• parts of a volcano

  1. magmatic chamber
  2. volcanic chimney
  3. crater
  4. volcanic cone
  5. secondary cones
• the formation of a volcano can take thousands of years. it is a very slow proccess.
• the fact that a volcano is inactive does not guarantee that it will not be able to start a volcanic eruption process.
• the temperature of the lava expelled by the volcano can reach up into 1000 degrees celsius.
• volcanoes are also in space.
• volcanoes can be formed by the constant movement of tectonic plates on the earth.
• the lithosphere weakens and allows magma to appear in the earth's interior.
• a volcano is a crack, opening or hole that occurs in the earth's crust, which allows lava or magma to escape.
• a caldera is a large, usually circular volcanic depression.
• a shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile.
• a stratovolcano or composite volcano is a conical volcano that is built up from layers of lava and ash
• cinder cones are the most commons types of volcanoes.
• cinder cones are also known as ash cones.
• global warming is the long term warming o the planet's overall temperature.
• The greenhouse effect is when the sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space.
• The Greenhouse Gases

  Water vapor

  chlorofluorocarbons

  nitrous oxide

  methane

  Carbon dioxide
• Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world.
• The cause of current climate change is largely human activity, like burning fossil fuels, like natural gas, oil, and coal.
• effects of climate change

  • drought
  • melting of sea ice
  • sea levels rise
  • hurricane
• Ways we can help prevent Climate Change

  Reduce water waste

  Drive a fuel-efficient vehicle.

  Don’t waste food

  Plant trees

  Reduce plastic

  Spread the word
• Temperature Factors (LADBWOC!) 

  • Latitude 
  • Altitude
• Distance to a Body of Water

  • Ocean Currents
• Precipitation Factors

  Topography

  Prevailing Winds
• Latitude is the most significant factor for determining climate
• As you go up in altitude, you go down in temperature and sometimes precipitation
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS HEAT WITHIN THE EARTH THE WORD GEOTHERMAL COMES FROM THE GREEK WORD “GEO” (EARTH) AND THERME (HEAT).
• 2 types of geothermal energy

  1. geothermal powerplants
  2. geothermal heat pumps
• Geothermal Reservoirs are Naturally occurring large areas of hydrothermal resources.
• Geothermal Heat Pumps Tap into heat close to the earth's surface to heat water or provide heat for buildings.