Respiratory system

• Respiratory system includes:

  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Aveoli
• Alveoli (air sacs) have a large surface area to allow gas exchange to occur at a fast rate
• Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and binds to the Haemoglobin in red blood cells to be transported.
• The heart is called a double circulatory system
• Double circulatory system: blood enters heart twice every time it is pumped round body.
• Deoxygenate blood enters the heart through the right atrium and passes through the right ventricle
• Valve prevents backflow
• Pulmonary artery brings oxygenated blood to the lungs.
• Veins bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• Deoxygenated is pumped out of the Aorta to the body.
• Left side of the heart has thicker walls due to the higher pressure needed to pump blood to the body
• Arteries carries blood away from heart
• Vein carries blood back to the heart
• Arteries have thick walls to withstand high pressure
• Veins have thin walls, valves to prevent backflow.
• Capillary has one cell thick walls to allow fast diffusion between blood and cells
• CHD (Coronary Heart Disease): When the artery supplying blood to the heart becomes blocked
• Fat can build up in the arteries that restricts blood flow (Cardiovascular disease)
• Stent can be inserted to open up the vessel
• Statins are drugs that reduce these fatty deposits
• Blood carries Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells & Platelets. Everything except oxygen is dissolved in the Plasma
• White blood cells is to combat infection
• Platelets is for clotting wounds