making cyclohexene from cyclohexanol

• safety: bulb of thermometer should be places at the enthrance of the condenser
• 1. put cyclohexanol in a round bottom flask in distillation apparatus
  2. add anti-bumping granules
  3. add 4cm3 of conc. phosphoric acid slowly and swirl flask
  4. heat gently
  5. pour cooled distillate into separating funnel
  6. add equal volume of saturated sodium chloride
  7. place lid and invert vigorously
  8. removed lid and run off bottom layer
  9. use NaCl as a drying agent for the top layer
  10. decant dried cyclohexene into clean tip
  11. distill again
  12. measure and record volume of distillate (pure cyclohexene)
• after step 6:

  • emulsion occurs - small droplets of organic solvent suspended in water solution
  • if emulsion doesn't dispose after swirling/waiting, add small amount of saturated sodium chloride