Cultural variations:

• STRENGTH:

  • research done by indigenous psychologists
  • indigenous= same cultural background as pp
  • Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg included data from German team Grossmann et al 1991
  • difficulties in gathering data can be avoided such as misinterpreting the language pp use
  • biases of national stereotypes
  • may have communicated successfully enhancing the validity of the research
• LIMITATION:

  • may not be true for all cross-culture attachment research
  • Morelli and Tronick 1991 were outsiders from America studying the patterns of attachment in Efe of Zaire
  • Their data may have been affected by gathering data from the pp outside of their culture
  • data from other cultures might have been affected by biases and difficulty in cross- culture communication
• LIMITATION:

  • impact of confounding variables on the findings
  • studies done in different cultures dont have the same methodology
  • sample characteristics such as poverty and environmental variables can confound results ``
  • For example the size of the room babies are most likely to explore in a small room than a large one that's bare
  • this suggests that studies done in different countries and different cultures may tell us nothing about cross-cultural patterns of attachment