CB5

• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Communicable diseases are those transferred between individuals
• Non-communicable diseases are thoss which cannot be transferred between individuals. These are usually conditions concerning genetics or conditions due to lifestyle
• Having HIV means that your immune system is impaired, leaving you at risk to infections
• A pathogen is an organism which causes disease
• Types of pathogens:

  • viruses
  • protists
  • fungi
  • bacteria
• Viruses move into cells and make copies of themselves, causing the cell to burst and the copies to get released into the bloodstream
• Bacteria multiply very quickly and produce toxins which can damage cells
• Fungi can produce spores which can spread to other organisms
• Protists can use humans or animals as hosts
• Cholera is caused by bacteria
• Tuberculosis is spread by bacteria
• Chalara ash dieback is caused by fungi
• Malaria is caused by protists
• HIV is caused by a virus
• Helicobacter is caused by bacteria
• Ebola is caused by a virus
• The effects of cholera are diarrhoea
• The effects of tuberculosis are lung damage and coughing
• The effects of chalara ash dieback are leaf loss and bark lesions
• The effects of malaria are damage to the blood and liver
• the effects of HIV are white blood cells being destroyed, and can lead to AIDs
• The effects of Helicobacter are stomach ulcers
• The effects of ebola are hemorrhagic fever
• Cholera is spread through water
• Tuberculosis is airborne
• Chalara ash dieback is airborne
• Malaria is spread through an animal vector (mosquito)
• HIv is spread through bodily fluids
• Helicobacter is spread through oral transmission
• Ebola is spread through bodily fluids
• Ways pathogens can be spread:

  • Direct contact
  • Drinking dirty water
  • Through air
• Ways of preventing pathogens:

  • Improving hygiene
  • Reducing contact
  • Removing vectors
  • Vaccination
• Chlamydia is spread through bacteria
• HIV is spread through a virus
• The spread of STIs can be stopped using barrier method contraception or
• Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the airway
• Mucus traps bacteria and other pathogens before they reach the lungs and cause infection
• Cillis are located on the surface of ciliates epithelial cells
• Cilia waft away mucus that has trapped pathogens, to be killed by stomach acid