SOCS MX8-9

• Portuguese


  They were the first westerners to reach Japan in the island of Tanegashima in 1543
• Westerners who came to Japan

  • Spanish
  • English
  • Dutch
• Port of Nagasaki


  The only port which was allowed to the Westerners
• Hideyoshi Toyotomi


  He ordered the expulsion of all missionaries in Japan and their converts were ordered to abandon their Christian faith
• Victims of Hideyoshi's order

  • Lorenzo Ruiz - first Filipino Catholic saint who was executed in Nagasaki
• Japan isolated themselves until 1853
• Shogunate


  A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator
• Shogunate

  Hereditary military dictatorship of Japan (1192–1867)
• Shogun


  The most powerful man in Japan for a long time, being the actual ruler of the nation while the Emperor was just a figurehead
• Samurai

  A member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, especially a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos
• Samurai

  The word comes from the Japanese verb saburau, which means to serve someone and look up to them
• Daimyo


  One of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun
• Bushido


  A feudal-military Japanese code of behavior valuing honor above life
• Minamoto Yoritomo


  Established the first shogunate in Japan called as the Kamakura Shogunate
• Tokugawa Ieyasu


  Established the third shogunate in Japan called as the Tokugawa Shogunate (Edo Shogunate)
• Japanese enjoyed a long period of peace under a stable political system and society with almost no contact with the rest of the world
• Sakoku


  Japan's isolation policy was fully implemented by Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Ievasu and shogun from 1623 to 1641
• Tokugawa Iemitsu issued edicts that essentially closed Japan to all foreigners and prevented Japanese from leaving
• Commodore Matthew Perry


  Led an American naval force with orders to open the Japanese islands to navigation, commerce and diplomatic relations
• Commodore Matthew Perry was responsible for the opening of Japan to the world
• Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854

  The treaty allowed the use of two ports as residences and trading ports
• Ports opened by the Treaty of Kanagawa

  • Shimoda
  • Hakodate
• Later other European powers joined the US that led to the opening of more ports to the Westerners
• Mutsuhito


  Established a new government and chose Meiji for his reign which means "enlightened rule"
• Mutsuhito ruled Japan for 45 years
• The dominance of the British and Americans in Japan's affairs

  Led to a united opposition that caused the downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the restoration of absolute ruler of Japan
• WESTERN IMPERIALISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

  The Philippines was under the rule of Western powers for more than 300 years
• Spaniards


  • Capitalized on the country's strategic position in the Asian trade
  • Monopolized the trade in the country by implementing series of reforms
  • Natives were encouraged/forced to cultivate exportable commodities like cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, indigo and hemp on a large scale
• Spaniards


  • Religious orders forced the natives to convert to Christianity, until they obtained influenced in all aspects of life
• For more than 300 years, the Filipinos waged numerous sporadic revolts for independence
• Americans


  • Devised a different strategy of imperialism
  • Promised statehood and was able to gain the confidence of the Filipinos
  • Introduced civilian rule to replace military administration
  • Education was made available to everyone
• Americans influenced almost all aspects of Philippine society
• Filipino resistance during the American Regime
• Asia's involvement in WWI

  Primarily economic, they supplied Europe of what it needed
• Asia's participation in WWI

  • Thailand sent a tiny expeditionary force to France in 1918
  • The Philippines sent expeditionary forces to United States
  • India joined the British army during WWI hoping for immediate independence after the war
• Japan's actions in WWI

  • Took advantage of the war by seizing German possessions in the Pacific
  • Desired to create an empire of its own in Asia after their successful operations in China(1894) and Russia (1904)
  • World War I fueled Japan's imperialist ambitions in Asia, which it was able to achieve at least for a few years during World War II
• Effects of World War I in Asia

  • Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire
  • Intensification of clamor for independence
  • Emergence of Japan as a new imperialist state
• The Treaty of Versailles was signed

  June 28, 1919
• Treaty of Versailles

  • Officially ended five years of conflict known as the Great War—World War I
  • Ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers
  • Laid the foundation for the Second World War
• Germany's bitterness about the war


  Stirred feelings of a renewed desire to reclaim lost greatness