Physical Geography

• Define weather and climate


  Weather is the day-to-day change in atmospheric conditions, whereas climate is the average weather conditions over a prolonged period of time
• Define coasts


  The coast or coastline is the zone where the land meets the sea
• Define coastal processes


  The coastline is shaped and changed by coastal processes involving the sea and weather.
• Define erosion


  Erosion is the wearing away of a surface (e.g. a cliff) and removal of sediment (destructive process).
• Define sediment 


  The material at the coast such as sand, rocks, and pebbles.
• Define abrasion


  Eroded particles in the water scrape and remove small particles of the cliff
• Define corrosion/solution

  The weak carbonic acid in seawater dissolves rock
• Define attrition


  Eroded particles in the water smash into each other and break into smaller pieces
• Define hydraulic action 


  Waves crash against the rock and compress the air in the crack of the rock
• Explain the formation of arches, stacks and stumps

  Firstly, hydraulic action opens a crack in the headland by attacking lines of weakness by abrasion

  
  

  Secondly, these will open up to create caves using hydraulic action and abrasion

  
  

  Thirdly, the caves gets bigger and breaks through the headland, forming an arch through erosion

  
  

  Next, as erosion and wave action continue, the arch can no longer support its own weight and collapses, leaving a stack

  
  

  Finally, this stack also gets eroded, leaving behind a stump
• What is an arch?

  An arch-shaped feature

  
• What is a beach?


  Beaches are formed when sediment (sand) is deposited by waves

  
• What is a headland?


  A headland is a narrow piece of land that projects from a coastline into the sea

  
• What is a stack?

  A stack is a vertical column of rock in the sea near a coast.

  
• What is a Tombolo?


  A Tombolo is formed when an island is connected to the mainland due to deposition

  
• Define natural hazards


  A natural hazard is an even that threatens to harm society or people
• Name and define the types of natural hazards


  Tectonic Hazard: It is caused by the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates

  Hydro-Meteorological Hazard It is caused by changes in the atmosphere/weather conditions
• Name some examples of tectonic hazards

  Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Volcanic Eruption
• Name some examples of hydro-meteorological hazards


  Typhoons, floods, droughts, landslides