biology

• Evolution - The change in the characteristics of the species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection.
• Jean Baptiste Lamarck

  • Theory of Acquired Characteristics
  • Theory of Use and Disuse (Intra)
  • Theory of Need (Extra)
• Acquired Characteristics - Sometimes called theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics or “soft inheritance.”
• Theory of Use and Disuse - Parts of organism that is regularly use will undergo hypertrophy and will be developed.
• Hypertrophy - increase in the muscle's mass and density.
• Theory of Need - Changes in the environment can arise to new needs, requires for species’ survival.
• Charles Darwin

  • Survival of the Fittest
  • Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
  • Theory of Evolution by Artificial Selection
• Survival of the Fittest - Organisms adapt to its environment and survive.
• Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection - Process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.
• Theory of Evolution by Artificial Selection - Identification of desirable traits by humans to perpetuate it to future generations.
• Artificial - Classical breeding
• 3 more

  • Gene flow
  • Genetic drift
  • Mutation
• Gene flow - Introduction of genetic material (by interbreeding) fro one population of a species to another.
• Genetic Drift - The frequency of a trait changes by chances randomly.
• Mutation - Genes are damaged or changed that alter the DNA sequence.
• Mouth - breaks down food mechanically
• Esophagus - facilitates transfer of food to stomach
• stomach - j shaped organ found at the end of esophagus
• small intestine - final site of digestion. marks the start of absorption of nutrients
• large intestine - absorbs the excess fluid
• large intestine is where the formulation of stool happens
• Digestive Process

  • Food
  • Bolus
  • Chyme (Bile)
  • Stool
• Ingestion - mouth
• digestion - esophagus to small intestine
• absorption - small intestine
• assimilation - large intestine
• excretion - rectum
• Small Intestine

  • Duodenum
  • Jejenum
  • Illeum
• Villi & Microvilli - Jejenum and Illeum
• Enzymes and Nutrients

  • Sugar or Starch
  • Protein
  • Lipids or fats
• Mastication - also known as chewing or breaking down of foods
• Rectum - reabsorbs water from undigested food materials coming from the small intestine.
• peristalsis - the involuntary  contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract
• digestion

  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gallbladder
• assimilation

  • fiber
  • water
  • dead cells
• egestion - rectum