1.5 - Relationships and Processes within school

• What are the types of subcultures?

  • Ingratiation - pupils who try hard to win favour of teachers in school
  • Compliance - pupils who accept school rules and discipline to get good grades
  • Opportunism - pupils who fluctuate from seeking approval from teachers and peer groups
  • Rebellion - going against school rules
• What does Hargreaves say about subcultures?

  • says that anti school subcultures emerge from low sets.
  • since they cannot get good grades they seek status from being anti school
  • WOODS - criticises and says this is too simplistic
• Male Subcultures -

  • used as a coping mechanism - 'having a laff'
  • economy has changed and there is relatively no working class jobs available
• What do Mac and Ghaill say about male subcultures?

  • there are different types
  • macho lads
  • new enterprisers
  • academic achievers
  • real englishmen
  • gay students
• What do Mac and Ghaill say about female subcultures?

  • females seek boyfriends even when they do not like the macho boys
  • w/c girls seen work as a potential marriage market
• What was Griffin's study?

  • studied young w/c women during their first years in employment
  • 1 - marriage market
  • 2 - labour market
  • 3 - sexual market - getting a job and a partner
• What was Mirza's study on female subcultures?

  • 62 black women in 2 secondary schools had positive attitudes towards achieving success even when they faced racism
• Ethnic Subcultures -

  • some black boys reject school and education in favour of conspicuous consumption and street credibility
  • black girls reject teachers low expectations
• What did Archer find about ethnic subcultures?

  • found muslim boys tended to be influenced by the african american 'gangsta culture'
• What are the 2 main outcomes of being labelled?

  1 - Accepting the label

  2 - Rejecting the label
• Teacher pupil relationships -

  • teachers tend to prefer students who are well behaved and well mannered
  • because of this, pupils often get rewarded with good marks and higher sets
• What are the different organisations in teaching and learning?

  1 - Mixed Ability

  2 - Setting

  3 - Streaming

  4 - Within Class Groups
• What was Hallam et al study?

  • interviewed pupils from KS2 classes in 6 primary schools
  • findings - they preffered class group teaching and work
  • enjoyed whole class reading
  • friendship groups normally developed from what table you were on
  • pupils who were below average tended to be neglected by the others
• What is identity?

  • how we see ourselves and how others see us
• What was Young's study?

  • study on NED's - NON EDUCATED DELINQUENTS
  • 1 - structural - existed because of the different social classes
  • 2 - agency - existed because of the choices we make in who we hang around with
  • method - survey of 22 scottish schools
  • findings - NED's tended to be w/c boys from deprived areas
• What was Sewell's study?

  • semi structured interviews with students
  • built strong rapports with students before
  • findings - black pupils felt their culture was neglected because of the curriculum
  • also felt they were racially targeted by teachers
• What was Connolly's research?

  • research on different pupils in primary schools
  • Black boys - teachers were more likely to criticise their behaviour and likely to encourage sports
  • Black girls - perceived as potentially disruptive and encouraged them to do sports
  • South Asian boys - considered to be more conformist and had difficulty gaining status
  • South Asian girls - considered more obedient and high status fro academic ability