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Waves
Electromagnetic waves
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Radio waves are used for
TV and radio
signals.
Microwaves are used for
satellite
and
mobile phone
communications, and
cooking food.
Infrared radiation is used in
remote controls
,
night vision goggles
, and
heat-sensing cameras.
Visible light is used for
fibre optic communications.
It has a
short
wavelength. Hazard: too bright a light can damage the
eyes.
Ultraviolet radiation is used for
sterilisation
of water and food, artificial
sun tanning.
Hazard: UV can
damage
skin cells
and cause
premature
aging.
X-rays: used for
medical
imaging. Pass
easily
through
flesh
but not through denser materials like
bone.
Gamma rays: very
short
wavelength.
electromagnetic waves are
transverse
waves
Why are electromagnetic waves not mechanical waves?
They can travel through
a vacuum
(don't need a substance to travel through)
List the different types of wave in the electromagnetic spectrum in order of decreasing wavelength?
radio
,
microwave
,
infrared
,
visible
,
ultraviolet
,
x-ray
,
gamma
which part of the EM spectrum can humans see?
visible light
how are gamma waves be produced?
changes in the
nucleus
of an atom, for example during
radioactive
decay
how can radio waves be produced?
oscillations
in an
electric circuit
how can we detect radio waves?
wave are
absorbed
and create an
alternating current
with the
same frequency
as the radio wave
what are radio waves used for?
transmitting television
,
mobile phone
,
Bluetooth
signals
what are microwaves used for?
satellite
communications,
cooking
food
why are x-rays used for medical imaging?
they can pass through
flesh
but not
bone
why are gamma rays used for treating cancer and sterilising medical equipment?
high does kill
cancer cells
and
bacteria
What is refraction?
waves change
speed
and
direction
as they cross the
boundary
from one sustance to another
Radio waves have a wavelength of
1m
-
10 000m
Radio waves
can travel long distances and can be reflected off the
surface
of the earth.
Longer radio wave wavelengths can bend around
obstructions
to allow
detection
of signals when not in line of sight.
Gamma
rays
pass easily through the body. Used for
cancer
treatment to kill
cancerous
cells.
X-rays hazard: form of
ionising radiation
, can damage cells and cause
cancer.
Microwaves
have a wavelength of about
1cm.
Microwaves
can pass through the Earth's atmosphere to reach
satellites.
Microwaves
can penetrate into
food
and are absorbed by
water molecules
inside food which vibrate and then
heat
the food.
Microwaves Hazard
: they can penetrate the body and cause internal
heating.
All
hot
objects emit
infrared waves
, sensors use these to create an image.
Infrared waves can transfer energy quickly to
heat
rooms.
Infrared Hazard: can damage or
kill
skin cells due to
heating.
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