REVSION

• Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• Active transport is where a group of particles go from a low concentration to a high concentration
• Using energy from respiration plants can absorb minerals and water even though it’s against the concentration gradient
• Plants must absorb food molecules by active transport for energy
• actual image size= image magnified x magnification
• Iodine is used for a clear image when magnified
• When looking at a onion you only use the thin epidermis layer this is because the onion would be too thick to see the cells due to the multiple layers
• The cover slip is applied to the onion at an angle so that there is no air bubbles
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll that is need to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
• nucleus controls the activities of the cell and contains the genes from the chromosomes
• the permanent vacuole is a large sac filled with cell sap that helps maintain the shape of the cell
• Mitochondria this is where a aarobic respiration takes place
• Cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell and provides support and protection.
• Cytoplasm chemical reactions that are needed for life Take place here
• Cell membrain controls substances moving in and out of the cell
• Ribosomes all proteins needed for the cell are synthesised here
• Animal cells do not have a cell wall or a large central vacuole
• Plant cells have a large central vacuole filled with water and other materials such as sugars and salts
• Prokaryotes have a loop of genetic material and a circular DNA called a plasmid found in cytoplasm
• Eukaryotes have there genetic material inside the nucleus
• And example of eukaryote is an animal and plant cell
• An example of prokaryotes is bacteria cell
• Mitosis: the procès of wich two genetically identical cells are formed
• Heart attack is a condition that can be treated by a heart cell from an embryo
• Some people don’t want to be treated with heart cells as it causes cancer
• Two laboraTory equipment that can help prepare for cells to view using a microscope is glass slide and a microscope
• A reason a student couldn’t get a clear view of cell could be that they didn’t use iodine on the glass slide
• A nerve cell has a large surface area and sends currents to the brain
• Osmosis is the passive movements of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
• how To test for protein: add biuret solution to sample, if present, it will change from blue to purple
• How to test for starch: Add iodine solution to sample, if starch is present, it will turn blue
• a pacemaker is placed in the right atrium