crime

• globalisation

  
  

  New insecurities and risk society (Beck) as global mentality.

  • immigration-worsened by media-intensification of social control
• globalisation

  (Taylor) created crime in all social classes

  • companies use low-wage manufacturing
  • deregulation and marketisation
  • IMF + world bank- impose capitalist economies on poor countries so people turn to crime
• globalisation

  'glocal'- organisations rooted in local contexts with international links- creates new patterns of crime like, drug trade
• globalisation

  'mcmafia'- chechen mafia given wealth from Russian oligarchs following collapse of communism, franchised their mafia- built links due to connectedness of globalised society
• right realism

  • rational choice theory- IQ, free will
  • underclass- (Murray) deviant underclass headed by single mothers who were socialised inadequately
  • situational crime prevention-designing out crime, increasing surveillance, target hardening
  • environmental crime prevention- (Wilson and Kelling)'broken windows'= social control reduces crime, zero-tolerance, ASBOs
• marxism

  • criminogenic capitalism- causes crime by its nature ('dog-eat-dog')
  • wc and crime- poverty, obtaining goods, alienation leads to violent crime
  • state and law making- serving ruling class's interests, English law on East-African colonies (Chambliss), selective enforcement (ignore crimes of powerful)
  • ideological functions- laws passed to benefit ruling class but appear to benefit wc, health and safety give a 'caring face'
• neo-marxism

  crime has a free-will element as those committing are striving for change in society

  (Taylor and Young) 'fully social theory of deviance'

  • wider origins
  • immediate origins
  • act itself
  • immediate origins of the reaction
  • wider origins of reaction
  • effects of labelling
• functionalism

  • Durkheim- inevitable as not everyone socialised, modern societies tend towards anomie weakening collective consciousness
  • Durkheim- boundary maintenance, adaptation and change
  • Polsky-pornography channels away desire
  • Davis- safety valev
  • Cohen- warning that institution is failing