sports psychology

• skill


  a learned action or behavior with intention of bringing about a pre-determined result
• ability


  Inherited, stable traits that determine an individual's potential to learn or acquire a skill.
• skill classification- complexity


  basic- little thought or cognitive ability

  complex- long time to learn, high level of concentration and coordination
• skill classification- environment


  open- deal with a changing or unstable environment

  closed- not affected by the environment
• skill classification- pacing


  self- the performer decides when to start it

  externally- started due to an external factor
• skill classification- muscular


  gross- large muscle groups, big movements

  fine- small, precise movements, high levels of accuracy
• performance goals


  personal standards

  no comparison to others

  short term

  subjective
• outcome goals


  focus on winning

  comparison with others

  no control

  long term and easy to monitor
• SMART goals


  Specific, Measurable, accepted Realistic, Time bound
• information processing model

  
• imput


  data received from senses, selective attention
• decision making


  data analyzed and a response is selected
• output


  decision is acted upon, information sent to muscles
• feedback


  information received about the performance
• visual guidance


  Presented in a form that the performer can see
• Verbal guidance


  presented in the form the performer can hear it
• Mechanical guidance


  objects or aids are used to assist the coaching process
• manual guidance


  a coach physically moves a performer into the correct position
• positive feedback


  what's correct about it, motivation but builds false confidence
• negative feedback


  demoralizing but see how to improve
• knowledge of results


  demotivation, quick measure of success
• knowledge of performance


  information about the techniques used, detailed feedback
• intrinsic feedback


  received from within, immediate adjustments can be made
• extrinsic feedback


  builds confidence, learn skills, demotivation
• arousal


  the physical and mental state of alertness and readiness
• Arousal - Inverted U theory

  
• gross movement


  involves large muscles groups

  high levels of arousal
• fine movements


  involves precise movements

  requires low levels or arousal
• stress management techniques

  deep breathing

  imagery

  positive self talk

  visualization

  mental rehearsal
• deep breathing


  slow deep breaths to reduce heart rate
• imagery


  imagining oneself in a calm relaxing place
• positive self talk


  developing cognitive positive thoughts about your performance
• visualization


  picturing an aspect of the performance
• mental rehearsal


  Cognitive relaxation techniques involving control of mental thoughts and imagining positive outcomes.
• aggression


  a deliberate intent to harm or injure another person, but in sport it can be more controlled
• direct aggression


  aimed directly at another player
• Indirect aggression example


  taken out on an object, no physical contact
• introvert


  quite, shy, passive, reserved