Meningitis

• Meningitis - Inflammation of the meninges
• Causative Agents of Meningitis

  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Fungal
  • Parasitic
  • Amebic
• Mode of Transmission

  • Droplets
  • Direct Contact
• Pathogenesis

  1. Pathogens enter the body through the respiratory tract or bloodstream.
  2. They invade the meninges, leading to inflammation.
  3. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines are released, contributing to the disease process.
  4. Complications may arise, including Increased intracranial pressure and neurological damage.
• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis

  • Obtained via lumbar puncture, is important for diagnosis.
• Microbial Tests

  • Includes Gram stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) aid in identifying the causative agent.
• Imaging Studies

  • Such as CT scans and MRIs may also be performed.
• Antibiotic Therapy

  • The mainstay of treatment for bacterial meningitis, with empirical treatment initiated based on likely pathogens.
• Antiviral Medications

  • May be used for viral meningitis, focusing on supportive care and symptom management.
• Adjunctive Therapies

  • Such as corticosteroids and anticonvulsants may be employed as needed.
• Vaccination

  • Essential for preventing certain types of bacterial meningitis.
  • Available for pathogens such as meningococcus, pneumococcus, and Hib.
• Promoting Good Hygiene

  • Including handwashing and respiratory etiquette, can help reduce transmission.
• Chemoprophylaxis

  • May be recommended for close contacts of individuals with bacterial meningitis.