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MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY
Central Nervous Disease
Encephalitis
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Encephalitis
It is an inflammation of the active tissues of the brain caused by an infection or autoimmune response.
It causes the brain to swell
Causative Agents of Encephalitis
Infectious
encephalitis
Autoimmune
encephalitis
Infectious Encephalitis
Caused by viral infection
Autoimmune
Encephalitis
When the immune system
mistakenly
attacks healthy brain cells, leading to inflammation and dysfunction.
Pathogenesis
Microbial invasion.
Crosses the blood-brain barrier or direct entry.
Microbial growth and multiplication in the cerebral.
Inflammation in brain parenchyma and neuronal cells.
Local necrotizing hemorrhage that becomes more generalized.
Edema and increased ICP.
Progressive deterioration of nerve tissue.
Antiseizure
Medication
Treatment to manage seizures that autoimmune encephalitis causes.
Antiviral
Medications
Providers often treat all viral encephalitis.
Breathing
Assistance
People with severe encephalitis may need supplemental oxygen or support from a ventilator (mechanical ventilation).
Enteral
Nutrition
Severe encephalitis may cause unconsciousness.
Tube feeding supports nutrition when the person is unconscious.
Corticosteroids
Steriods help reduce swelling and brain pressure.
Intravenous
(IV) Fluids
This is supportive care to prevent dehydration.
Immune
Globulin
Treats autoimmune encephalitis.
Mental
Health
Support
Encephalitis may cause memory issues and personality changes.
Working with a clinical psychologist may help.
Physical
Therapy
The condition may affect balance.
May help devlop coping strategies.
Plasmapheresis
This is autoimmune encephalitis treatment.
Speech
Therapy
Encephalitis may cause neurological issues that affect speech.