Encephalitis

• Encephalitis

  • It is an inflammation of the active tissues of the brain caused by an infection or autoimmune response.
  • It causes the brain to swell
• Causative Agents of Encephalitis

  • Infectious encephalitis
  • Autoimmune encephalitis
• Infectious Encephalitis

  • Caused by viral infection
• Autoimmune Encephalitis

  • When the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells, leading to inflammation and dysfunction.
• Pathogenesis

  1. Microbial invasion.
  2. Crosses the blood-brain barrier or direct entry.
  3. Microbial growth and multiplication in the cerebral.
  4. Inflammation in brain parenchyma and neuronal cells.
  5. Local necrotizing hemorrhage that becomes more generalized.
  6. Edema and increased ICP.
  7. Progressive deterioration of nerve tissue.
• Antiseizure Medication

  • Treatment to manage seizures that autoimmune encephalitis causes.
• Antiviral Medications

  • Providers often treat all viral encephalitis.
• Breathing Assistance

  • People with severe encephalitis may need supplemental oxygen or support from a ventilator (mechanical ventilation).
• Enteral Nutrition

  • Severe encephalitis may cause unconsciousness.
  • Tube feeding supports nutrition when the person is unconscious.
• Corticosteroids

  • Steriods help reduce swelling and brain pressure.
• Intravenous (IV) Fluids

  • This is supportive care to prevent dehydration.
• Immune Globulin

  • Treats autoimmune encephalitis.
• Mental Health Support

  • Encephalitis may cause memory issues and personality changes.

  Working with a clinical psychologist may help.
• Physical Therapy

  • The condition may affect balance. 
  • May help devlop coping strategies.
• Plasmapheresis

  • This is autoimmune encephalitis treatment.
• Speech Therapy

  • Encephalitis may cause neurological issues that affect speech.