GCSE chemistry

• State 3 trends seen in group 1 metals as you go down the periodic table

  1. Increased reactivity
  2. lower melting and boiling points
  3. higher atomic mass
• What is the reaction between a group 1 element and water?

  metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
• What is the reaction between a group 1 element and chlorine?

  Metal + chlorine -> metal chloride
• What is the reaction between a group 1 element and oxygen?

  Metal + oxygen -> metal oxide
• Why do alkali metals become more reactive down the group?

  There’s a weaker electrostatic attraction between the outer shell and nucleus meaning the amount of energy needed to lose the outer electron decreases
• What are the group 7 elements called?

  Halogens
• Are halogens metals or non-metals?

  Non-metals
• What is the state and colour of fluorine at room temperature?

  Yellow gas
• what is the state and colour of chlorine at room temperature?

  Green gas
• What is the state and colour of bromine at room temperature?

  Red-brown liquid
• What is the state and colour of iodine at room temperature?

  Dark grey solid that gives of purple fumes
• What are the 3 trends as you go down the periodic table in group 7?

  1. Decreased reactivity
  2. high melting and boiling points
  3. higher atomic mass
• Are halogens monoatomic or diatomic?

  diatomic
• Why do halogen become less reacting as you move down the table?

  There’s a weaker electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and electron meaning there’s more energy required
• What type of bonds do halogens form with metals?

  Ionic bonds
• What is a halogen displacement reaction?

  A reaction where a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from its compound.
• Could chlorine displace the bromine in potassium bromine?

  Yes.
• What are group 0 elements called?

  Noble gases
• Noble gases are ‘inert’, what does this mean?

  They are unreactive
• Why are noble gases inert?

  They have a full outer shell, so they don’t need to gain or lose and electron
• What is the physical state of group 0 elements at room temperature?

  Gases
• State the trend in the boiling points of noble gases as you move down group 0 of the periodic table

  The boiling point increases because atoms have more electrons
• What is an ion?


  A charged atom
• How does an atom become an ion?

  By loosing or gaining electrons
• Do metals become positive or negative ions?

  Positive
• Do non-metals become positive or negative?

  Negative
• When group 1 ele become ions, what charge will they have?

  +1
• When group 2 elements become ions, what charge will they have?

  +2
• When group 7 elements become ions, what charge will they have?

  -1
• When group 6 elements become ions, what charge will they have?

  -2
• Do group 0 elements become ions?

  No, they already have a full outer shell, so don’t need to gain or loose electrons
• What are the three types of chemical bonds?

  1. Ionic bonds
  2. covalent bonds
  3. metallic bonds
• What is ionic bonding?

  The electrostatic attraction between a positive and negative ion
• Why do atoms form ions?

  So they gain a full outer shell to make them more stable
• describe how an ionic bond is formed between a metal and a non metal

  1. The metal atom will transfer one or more electrons to the non metals ,so they both have full outer shells
  2. this makes the metal a positive ion, and the non metal a negative ion
  3. the two oppositely charged ions wil, be strongly attracted by electrostatic forces
• What is a dot and cross diagram?

  a diagram that shows ionic or covalent bonding by showing how the electrons are involved
• What is an ionic compound?

  A compound containing positive and negative ions, held together by electrostatic attraction
• Describe the structure of an ionic compound

  they have a giant ionic lattice structur. The ions form a closely lacked regular lattice arrangement, with strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, in all directions
• What is a ball and stick diagram?

  A way of representing molecules or compounds, in which atoms are represented by balls, and bonds are represented by sticks between them
• Why are ball and stick diagrams not realistic?

  1. Atoms are not perfect spheres
  2. they don’t show electrons
  3. atoms are relatively far apart