acids, alkalis and pH

• describe acids

  produce H+ ions in water giving pH of less than 7
• describe alkalis

  contain OH- ions in aqueous solution with pH of more than 7
• describe pH scale

  measure of acidity or alkalinity of solution through number of present H+ ions
• give methods of measuring pH

  indicator or pH probe and meter
• give equation of neutralisation

  acid + alkali → salt + water
• describe strong acid

  acid completely ionises in aqueous solution
• give examples of strong acids

  hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid
• describe weak acid

  acid partially ionises in aqueous solution
• give examples of weak acids

  citric acid, carbonic acids and ethanoic acid
• describe relationship of strength of acid and pH

  stronger acid - lower pH

  weaker acid - higher pH
• describe dilute acid

  lower concentration of acid in solution
• describe concentrated acid

  higher concentration of acid in solution
• give equation of acid and alkali

  acid + alkali → salt + water
• give equation of acid and metal

  acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
• give equation between acid and metal oxide

  acid + metal oxide → salt + water
• give equation between acid and metal hydroxide

  acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water
• give equation between acid and metal carbonate

  acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide