Untitled

• sociological imagination?


  the relationship between the biography of an individual and the history of a society
• the macro?


  sport and politics, culture and economy and how they become such in society
• the micro?


  how individual people experience feelings, barriers etc.
• politics?


  how power is used to influence the nature and content of government activities
• ideology?


  a belief system, a framework of beliefs that guide behaviors
• hegemony?


  a state of cultural and political domination achieved and maintained through circulating and naturalizing ideologies
• hegemonic ideology?


  the naturalized belief system that we follow because we believe that is the way things go
• practical consciousness?


  a common sense that offers us normal aspirations and ways of feeling as well as orthodox ideas
• government?


  the process of enacting policies and decisions within a political apparatus or state
• state?


  apoliticall apparatus ruing over a given territory
• nation?


  imagined community within which the population unite
• why is nation imagined?

  because even the members of the smallest nation will never know, meet, or hear of their fellow members but the image of their communion lives in their minds
• national identity?

  perceived common traditions, practices, values and beliefs
• national community?

  feeling of collective identification, unity and belonging
• why are modern nations of this nature?

  weakened sense of communion due to urbanization, industrialization and immigration invention of tradition to return a unifying sense of identity
• civic rituals?


  unofficial behaviors and actions that reinforce collective values and reaffirm the community amongst people
• nationalism?


  set of beliefs that your national culture and interests are superior to any other
• white streaming?


  when society that is not fully white in socio-demographic, economic and cultural terms is structured on the basis of the white experience
• global sporting arm race?

  throw money into athletics to win more medals, demonstrate superiority especially at international events
• commercialization of the athletic body?

  athletes become a billboard for people to purchase space, the most important thing is the sponsorship opportunities and not athletics
• neoliberalism?

  shifting for civic engagement into the marketplace, encourages commercialization and consumerism, extreme individualism
• cartel?

  anti-competition system where producers collaborate to maximize profitability of products by controlling market, cost and labours and output quantity
• hegemonic masculinity?


  set of ideals and values that describe expected behavior and characteristics, a practice that allows men's domination over women
• subversion of hegemonic masculinity?

  women embodying behaviors of hegemonic masculinity
• legacy?

  long term tangible and intangible impacts
• impacts of mega events legacies?

  infrastructures, economic, increasing visibility, city pride
• evasion of sovereignty?

  private organization run by individuals that assumes state above all sovereign states and can act above the law
• brand culture?


  when a brand becomes more than a logo to the entity but an accumulation of cultural codes and references that give meaning to the entity
• self-brand culture?


  when individuals treat themselves as products and accumulate life stories to give the products sellable meanings
• sports media complex?


  co-dependent and mutually beneficial relationship between sport and media that helps create and sustain each other's significance
• sport's benefit for media?

  provides stories of hometown heroes, coming of age, rivalries and underdogs to increase readership of media, provides excitement and ups engagement
• media's benefit for sport?

  provides a platform to increase viewership, foster id process with athletes and increase visibility for sponsorships
• hyperreality?

  represent reality during broadcasts by improving it and making it more real, not simply a reflection, it is not neutral as they chose what to show and not so show
• entertainment formula?

  making sport a form of entertainment that changes how it is viewed and played
• encoding?

  the process in which the sender packages the intended message through a medium
• decoding?

  the process in which the receiver interprets the message
• denotative meaning?

  the literal and explicit message
• connotative meaning?

  the underlying message
• alternative meaning?

  intentionally misreading hegemonic ideology or meaning as a form of resistance
• marginalization?


  pushing group towards edge to forget about them, not giving them space