Geography paper 1,2,3

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Created by
Kate Lees

Cards (222)

  • Geography GCSE Exam Papers
    • Paper 1: Living with the Physical Environment
    • Paper 2: Challenges of the Human Environment
    • Paper 3: Geographical Application
  • Paper 1: Living with the Physical Environment

    • Section A: The Challenge of Natural Hazards (Tectonic hazards, Weather hazards and Climate change) - 33 marks, Answer all questions
    • Section B: The Living World (Ecosystems – small, local scale such as a pond and global scale- particularly Tropical Rainforests and Hot Deserts) - 25 marks, Answer all questions
    • Section C: Physical Landscapes in the UK (The UK's diverse landscape – the main upland and lowland areas, Coasts and Rivers) - 2 x 15 marks, Answer 2 out of 3 questions: Do Q3 (Coasts) and Q4 (Rivers), Do not answer Q5 (Glaciers)
  • Paper 2: Challenges in the Human Environment

    • Section A: Urban Issues and Challenges - 33 marks, Answer all questions
    • Section B: The Changing Economic World - 30 marks, Answer all questions
    • Section C: The Challenge of Resource Management (Water, Food and Energy) - 25 marks, Answer Q3 (general – about water, food and energy resources) and then 1 question out of questions 4, 5 and 6, ANSWER Q6 ABOUT ENERGY, Do not answer Q4 (Food) or Q5 (Water)
  • Paper 3: Geographical Application
    • Section A: Issue Evaluation - 37 marks, Answer all questions, Based on the pre-released information in the booklet about England's housing challenge and the proposed Tudeley Village development
    • Section B: Fieldwork - 39 marks, Answer all questions, Some questions will be about unfamiliar fieldwork, There will also be questions about fieldwork you have carried out yourself: Physical geography fieldwork: Has the coastal management at Hengistbury Head been sustainable?, Human geography fieldwork: What are the impacts of Regeneration in Bristol's City Centre?
  • Paper 1: Living with the Physical Environment
    Friday 17th May 2024
  • Paper 2: Challenges of the Human Environment
    Wednesday 5th June 2024
  • Paper 3: Geographical Application
    Friday 14th June 2024
  • Paper 1 is worth 35% of total marks
  • Paper 2 is worth 35% of total marks
  • Paper 3 is worth 30% of total marks
  • All papers are 1 hour 30 minutes long
  • The climate has gradually cooled over the last 5.5 million years
  • Over the past 2.6 million years (since the beginning of the Quaternary period) the temperature has fluctuated a lot causing glacial and warmer interglacial periods
  • In recent years (since the mid 1970s) there has been a rapid rise in global temperatures
  • Evidence of long term temperature changes
    • Fossil records
    • Ice cores - Amount of oxygen trapped in layer of ocean sediment and Antarctic ice
  • Evidence of more recent temperature changes
    • Thermometer readings (only over the last 100 years)
    • Melting glaciers / sea ice (volume of Arctic sea ice reached a record low in 2014)
    • Rising sea levels (This is partly due to melting ice caps / glaciers but mainly due to thermal expansion – warm ocean water expanding in volume)
    • Seasonal changes (plants flowering earlier in the season and birds migration and nesting patterns changing)
  • Milankovitch Cycles

    1. Eccentricity (every 100,000 years the Earth's orbit changes from almost circular to elliptical (oval) and back again)
    2. Axial tilt (every 41,000 years the tilt of the Earth's axis moves between 21.5° and 24.5° and back again - It's currently 23.5°). The greater the tilt, the more solar energy the pole facing the sun receives.
    3. Precision (every 26,000 years the Earth wobbles like a spinning top)
  • Volcanic Activity

    • Volcanic ash can block out the sun, reducing temperatures in the short term
    • Sulphur dioxide forms sulphuric acid which acts like a mirror, reflecting solar radiation back into space, reducing temperatures longer term for years
  • Solar Activity - Sunspots
    • The sun's surface has dark patches (sunspots) and solar flares which change over an 11 year cycle. When sunspot activity is at a maximum, temperatures increase; when it is at a minimum, temperatures fall – e.g. during Europe's "Little Ice Age" at the end of 1600s
  • The natural greenhouse effect keeps the Earth warm enough to support life but in recent years human activities have increased the rate of global warming
  • Human causes of climate change
    • Use of fossil fuels (CO₂ from industry, power stations and transport causes approx. 60% of global warming)
    • Deforestation (burning tropical rainforest trees not only produced additional CO₂ but also stops trees from being carbon sinks, it stops them from absorbing CO₂)
    • Agriculture (Methane is produced by cattle and rice fields as well as landfill sites and sewage works. Although there's less of it than CO₂, it is more efficient, trapping more heat within the atmosphere)
  • Positive impacts of climate change in the UK
    • Grow wider range of crops currently grown in warmer climates – grapes, citrus fruit
    • Less road accidents due to ice
    • Reduced heating bills
    • Longer growing season for crops
  • Negative impacts of climate change in the UK
    • Coastal flooding due to sea level rise in the East
    • More extreme weather events -droughts & floods
    • Closure of Scottish ski resorts
  • Negative impacts of climate change globally

    • 80 million displaced by coastal flooding due to sea level rise
    • Increase in cases of malaria and other tropical diseases (280m)
    • Increased frequency and intensity of tropical storms. Wider area affected
    • Increased demand for water in hotter summers
    • Decline in polar climate species
  • Mitigation strategies to reduce climate change
    • Alternative energy production (hydroelectric power (HEP), wind, wave, solar, nuclear and tidal)
    • Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
    • Afforestation (planting trees)
    • International agreements (Paris Agreement 2015, 2019 UN Climate Action Summit, COP26)
  • Adaptation strategies to respond to climate change
    • Changes in agricultural systems (Develop drought-resistant crops, Plant trees as wind-breaks and to provide shade, Change crop and livestock types, Change farming calendars and cropping patterns)
    • Managing water supply (Store water more effectively, Educate in water harvesting techniques, Develop more efficient irrigation systems)
    • Reducing risk from rising sea levels (Construct sea walls, Design and build houses on stilts, Construct artificial islands, Restore coastal mangrove swamps)
  • The 3 Geography GCSE Exam Papers
    • Paper 1: Living with the Physical Environment
    • Paper 2: Challenges of the Human Environment
    • Paper 3: Geographical Application
  • Paper 1: Living with the Physical Environment
    Friday 17th May 2024, 1 hour 30 mins, Worth 35% of total marks
  • Paper 2: Challenges of the Human Environment
    Wednesday 5th June 2024, 1 hour 30 mins, Worth 35% of total marks
  • Paper 3: Geographical Application
    Friday 14th June 2024, 1 hour 30 minutes, Worth 30% of total marks
  • Sections in Paper 2: Challenges of the Human Environment

    • Section A: Urban Issues and Challenges
    • Section B: The Changing Economic World
    • Section C: The Challenge of Resource Management (Water, Food and Energy)
  • For Paper 2 Section C, answer Q3 (general – about water, food and energy resources) and then 1 question out of questions 4, 5 and 6. ANSWER Q6 ABOUT ENERGY!
  • Do not answer Q4 (Food) or Q5 (Water) in Paper 2 Section C
  • Don't forget to take: Calculator, Sharp pencil, Eraser, Ruler, A couple of black pens
  • Urban Issues and Challenges
    Introduction to the Urban World 1m 10s, Urban Issues and Challenges 32m 43s
  • Use the case studies (Bristol, Rio, Freiburg) you have learnt and include case study details about each one e.g. location, population, amount of money spent, jobs created, etc.
  • Remember SEE. Social, Economic, Environmental. And use it!
  • Know and use your key terms. People don't move from villages to cities, rural-urban migration takes place. Bristol wasn't improved, it was regenerated.
  • Urbanisation

    The increase in the percentage of people living in urban areas. Urbanisation is a process i.e. it is constantly happening and changing
  • Key terms in urban topics
    • Urbanisation
    • Rural-urban migration
    • Urban sprawl
    • Urban growth