classic study.

• who did the classic study and when?

  raine et al - 1997.
• raine et al - aim.

  to investigate whether murderers have brain dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex and other areas associated with violence compared to a control group on non-murderers.
• raine et al - sample.

  82 in total - 41 in nrgi with 39 males and 2 females. 41 in control group matching 6 schizophrenia and in age and sex too. they were psychologically healthy.
• raine et al - procedure.

  did a 32 minute performance task then a PET scan, in which 14 areas were looked at.
• raine et al - findings.

  lower glucose metabolism in many areas such as corpus callosum (nrgi). high amygdala and hippocampus activity in right hemisphere but decreased in left hemisphere. nrgi's had greater asymmetry in thalamus.
• raine et al - conclusion.

  multiple brain areas can be associated with violence and aggression, however other factors such as genetics and social influence will play a part too.
• raine et al - g.


  not very as nrgi however control group make it more applicable. small sample too.
• raine et al - r.

  replicable and reliable. controls by having same sex and age and matched participants.
• raine et al - a.

  application to screening and noticing early signs to prevent serious crimes and implications that may occur as a result.
• raine et al - v.

  lack of ecological validity by having a scan. removed comfounding variable however and pet scans increase internal validity.
• raine et al - e.

  pet scans do emit some radiation but generally safe. could be issues with consent from a brain damaged or 'insane' person. socially sensitive topic!!