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Topic 1 - Cell biology
Chromosomes and Mitosis
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❀Rebecca❀
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Chromosomes
Coiled up lengths of
DNA
molecules that contain
genetic
information
Most cells in the body have a
nucleus
that contains
chromosomes
Each chromosome carries a large number of
genes
that control the
development
of different characteristics
Body cells normally have
two
copies of each chromosome, one from the
'mother'
and one from the
'father'
Humans have
23
pairs of
chromosomes
Cell
cycle
A series of stages that body cells in multicellular organisms go through to
divide
and produce new cells for growth, development and
repair
Mitosis
The stage of the
cell cycle
when the cell
divides
Mitosis
1.
Chromosomes
line up at the
centre
of the cell
2.
Cell fibres
pull the
chromosomes
apart
3.
Membranes
form around each set of chromosomes to become the
nuclei
of the two new cells
4.
Cytoplasm
and
cell membrane divide
Mitosis
produces two
identical daughter
cells with the same
DNA
as the
parent
cell
Growth
and
DNA
replication
stage of cell cycle
DNA is
duplicated
and forms
X-shaped
chromosomes with two identical 'arms'