DNA

• DNA


  Two strands wrapped around each other in a double helix
• Structure of DNA


  1. Nucleotides

  2. Complementary base pairing

  3. Gene coding for a protein
• Nucleotide


  Monomer unit of DNA, made up of a phosphate, sugar, and base
• Bases in DNA


  • Adenine
  • Thymine
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine
• DNA


  • Polymer made up of many nucleotides
  • Phosphate and sugar form the backbone
  • Bases stick out and pair up between strands
• Complementary base pairing


  A pairs with T, C pairs with G
• Determining complementary DNA strand

  1. Look at sequence of one strand

  2. Determine complementary bases for other strand
• Genetic code


  Sequence of DNA bases
• Gene


  Specific sequence of bases that codes for a protein
• Protein formation from DNA

  1. DNA sequence read as triplet codes

  2. Amino acids coded for combined in order

  3. Chain of amino acids folds into protein
• Proteins


  • Unique shape allows specific function
  • Main uses are enzymes, hormones, structural proteins