nursing 311 final exam

• cataracts: cloudy lens, most common cause of blindness, painless with blurry vision, lens implant, monitor for complications

  wear sunglasses, quit smoking, optimize diet and control of chronic conditions
• glaucoma: increased intraocular pressure (headaches due to pressure buildup) , risk factors cardiovascular disease and diabetes, loss of peripheral vision, acute angle is ocular emergency
• age related macular degeneration: loss of central vision
• retinal detachment: ocular emergency, senstation of curtain falling over eye, painless
• otitis externa: ear pain, aural tenderness, edema of external auditory canal
• otitis media: drainage if tympanic membrane perforates, fever, upper respiratory tract infection, rhinitis, erythema and bulging of tympanic membrane
• NREM: heart rate and breathing slow
• REM: eyes moving, increased HR, increased and irregular RR, muscles relaxed (atonic)
• NREM makes up 75% of cycle
• insomnia: difficulty falling or staying asleep, non-restorative sleep, more common in women than men, excessive daytime sleepiness, improve sleep hygiene
• sleep apnea: lack of airflow through nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer
• narcolepsy: sleep attack into REM sleep, lifestyle changes and focus on safety
• sleep deprivation due to meds, environmental disturbances, being in ICU, eliminate causative factors: open blinds, turn lights on (sleep/wake cycle), get them OOB
• restless leg syndrome: intense urge to move legs to stop sensation; reduce stress, muscle relaxation, meds
• night terrors: common in children, will return to resting state, correlated with stress and full bladder
• sleep enuresis: bedwetting; behavioral techniques and fluid restriction
• bruxism: teeth grinding, use a mouthguard
• somnambulism: sleep walking; provide support and maintain safety
• alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency causes COPD onset at a younger age
• pts with COPD are driven by oxygen levels rather than CO2 levels to breathe
• oxygen toxicity: sub sternal chest pain
• meds for copd patients?

  bronchodilators: beta 2 adrengeric antagonists, short acting (albuterol) and long acting

  antcholinergics (muscarinic antagonists): short acting and long acting

  corticosteroids

  combination inhalers

  supportive meds (mucolytics)
• meds for asthma: short (albuterol) and long acting beta 2 antagonist, short and long acting muscarinic agents, corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors
• nutrition for wound healing?

  turkey, shellfish, orange, broccoli, salmon
• foods to avoid for oxalate stones?

  spinach, rhubarb, chocolate, peanuts, pecans, strawberries, tea, and wheat bran
• foods to avoid for uric acid stones?

  organ meats, anchovies, asparagus, shellfish, and mushrooms