US History

• French and Indian War - Causes

  -Competiton over land and resources in North America

  -Rivalry between France and Britian

  -Debate over owning the Ohio River Valley
• French and Indian War - Major Events

  -Treaty of Paris which ended the war

  -Proclamation of 1763 stopping colonists from moving west

  -Pontiacs rebellion by Native Americans

  -Battle of Fort necessity
• French and Indian War - Key Figures

  -George Washington ( commander and supported Pontiac's )

  -Morquise de Montcalm ( French Supporter )

  -William Pitt ( British Supporter )
• French and Indian War - Impact

  -British power increased in North America

  -Tensions grew with American colonies and borders changed

  -The Proclamation of 1763 limited colonial expansion

  -Pontiacs rebellion changed how Britain treated Native Americans
• Proclamation of 1763 - British and French troops were sent to the colonies to help the British.

  • rule by british government after the french and indian war
  • colonists can't move west of appalachian mountains
  • colonists were upset because they wanted more land
• Who won the French and Indian War ?

  The British won!
• Treaty of Paris - 1783, France gave up all claims to the lands of the former French empire in North America ( agreement between 2 nations ending the war )
• Date of the French and Indian War : May 28, 1754 - Feburary 10, 1763
• Who were the Pontiacs in the French and Indian War : A group of French and Native American allies who fought against the British
• British Acts and Colonial Acts of Resistance - Causes

  -Attempts to increase control and "taxation without representation" over American colonies

  -Conflicts over representation in British parliament

  -Economic hardships faced by colonists due to British policies

  -Different beliefs regarding governances and rights
• British Acts and Colonial acts of Resistance - Major Events

  -Stamp Act (1765) - imposed taxes on paper goods, colonists were angry they were unfairly taxed

  -Boston Tea Party (1773) - protested British tea taxes, threw out tea to oppose tea act

  -Intolerable Acts (1774) - punished Massachusetts for the closing of the Boston Harbor response to the Boston Tea Party

  -First Continental Congress (1774) - gathering of representatives to discuss issues with British rules

  -Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) - document which declares independence from British (13 colonies)
• British Acts and Colonial Acts of Resistance - Key Figures

  -Sameul Adams (organized protests and resistance movements)

  -John Adams (important figure in the continental congress, later became the second president)

  -George Washington (commander in chief of the continental army during revolutionary war)
• British Acts and Colonial Acts of Resistance - Impact

  -Unified colonies against Britain

  -Started the American Revolutionary War

  -Built the foundation for democracy in US (right to vote)

  -Led to the creation of the US

  -Inspired other independence movements to become independent in the world
• What does the phrase " taxation without representation " mean?

  The colonists were taxed without having a say in how the money was spent
• What was the continental army? The army that fought for the US which was combined of all 13 colonies
• The American Revolution-Causes

  -"taxation without representation" : the British parliament imposed many taxes on the american colonies (stamp act, townshend, and tea act) without representation

  -Restrictive British Policies : Proclamation of 1763 restricted westward expansion, intolerable acts, which punished Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party

  -Ideas Enlightened : enlighten ideals like individual liberty, natural rights, and social contract encouraged Americans to fight back to the British

  -Economic Complaints : interests such as trade or unfairness
• The American Revolution - Impact

  -Boston Massacre ( 1770) - British killed 5 colonists in Boston, increased tension between Britian and the American colonies

  -Boston Tea Party (1773) - Protested British tea taxes, threw out tea to oppose tea act

  -First Continental Congress (1774) - Gathering of representatives to discuss issues with British rules

  -Lexington and Concord (1775) - British tried to take away weapons from the colonists

  -Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) - document declaring independence from British
• The American Revolution - Key Figures

  -George Washington (commander in chief of the continental army during revolutionary war, later first president)

  -Thomas Jefferson (author of declaration of independence and later third president)

  -John Adams (member of continental congress and later second president)

  -Benjamin Franklin (diplomat, inventor, one of the drafters of the declaration of independence)

  -Paul Revere (patriot, known for his "midnight ride" warning other colonists of the British troop movements)
• British Acts and Colonial Acts of Resistance - Key Figures

  -Independence: US gained independence from British rule

  -Spread of Democracy: inspired democratic movements influencing institutions and principles

  -Constitutional Framework : drafting of US constitution to shape political systems

  -End of Monarchy in US : british king no longer ruled US directly

  -Social Change : ending slavery in certain points of US giving people more rights and freedom
• Date of the American Revolution : April 19, 1775 - September 3, 1783
• What was the stamp act? Tax on printed materials in the American colonies.
• What was the townshend act? Tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea in the American colonies.
• What was tea act? Tax on tea
• Article of Confederation - Causes

  -revolutionary war : colonies for Independence from british rule, leading for framework of governance

  -fear of centralized power : to create a stronger government but give some states control

  -state rights : each state own rules without central government telling it what to do
• Article of Confederation - Major Events

  -drafting of articles : articles were drafted by the continental congress between 1776 - 1777, it wasn't ratified until 1781

  -ratification : articles were fully ratified by all 13 colonies officially in 1781

  -challenges in governace : faced challenges :

  • young nation
  • interstate disputes
  • financial instability
  • foreign relation

  -shay's rebellion(1786 -1787) - angry farmers protested about having a weak central government which showed flaws in articles of confederation
• The Articles of Confederation- Key Figures

  -Daniel Shay (led the Shay's Rebellion)

  -John Dickinson (drafter of articles of confederation)

  -George Washington (first president and shaped governance)

  -Benjamin Franklin (drafter, diplomat, negotiated during debates (supported of US) )
• Articles of Confederation - Impacts

  -limited central authority : made central government weak, giving most power to states

  -financial problems : couldn't collect taxes, control trade well, leading to financial problems

  -constitutional convention : because of problems, they had a big meeting in 1787 to make a stronger government

  -federalism foundation : articles set the stage for federalism
• What is federalism? Division of power
• What is democracy? A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through elected representatives.
• What is republic? A form of government where power is held by the people and their elected representatives.
• Article 1 of the Articles of Confederation: says the new country is United States
• Article 2 of the Articles of Confederation: states stay powerful and independent
• Article 3 of the Articles of Confederation: states promise to help each other if they are attacked
• Article 4 of the Articles of Confederation: people in all states are treated equal
• Article 5 of the Articles of Confederation: congress can handle foreign affairs
• Article 6 of the Articles of Confederation: states can't make deals with other countries
• Article 7 of the Articles of Confederation: states choose low ranked military officers
• Article 8 of the Articles of Confederation: money for war comes from a fund
• Article 9 of the Articles of Confederation: congress can make treaties but can't collect taxes or trade
• Article 10 of the Articles of Confederation: congress can pick committees but can't interfere with state rights