people didn't fully support his creation (he was just a country doctor with little evidence, that wasn't explained well)
no change in health laws
John Snow
-realised disease can be water borne
-cholera pandemic in London, mapped out diseases. One lady away from main infection area was sick, turned out she liked the water from the infected area
-took off the handle from the Broad Street pump
cholera never returned to London
consequence - Bazalgette's sewers
Louis Pasteur
-wrote the Germ Theory in 1861
^ realised that germs cause disease, yet couldn't name any specifics
-was in rivalry with Koch to find vaccines
SHORT TERM IMPACT:
discovered the causes of disease
inspired Koch to discover specific germs
LONG TERM IMPACT:
the book influenced others to start investigations in various areas
^Joseph Lister and the 1875 Public Health Act
Robert Koch
-used Pasteur's book to discover vaccines e.g. Anthrax
-was in rivalry with Pasteur
Joseph Bazalgette
-designed and built the sewers in London to prevent the stench (The Great Stink)
-clean water was part of the 1875 Public Health Act
Florence Nightingale
-went to Crimean War to nurse the wounded soldiers
-improved the sanitation and conditions of the hospitals:
clean beds and sheets
clean floors and rooms
clean clothes and hands
-opened the St Thomas Hospital, a nursing school
-wrote "Notes on Nursing" to share her knowledge
Joseph Lister
-used Pasteur's Germ Theory to influence his ideas
-discovered carbolic acid as the first aseptic
^led to cleaner surgery, so less infection and higher survival rate
-soaked bandages in acid and also used as a spray
James Simpson
-discovered the first anaesthetic (after a night of testing a mix of drugs with friends)
^Chloroform - used by Queen Victoria during childbirth
-led to more complex surgeries as patients would be passed out and not in agony or moving about
1848 Public Health Act
-not compulsory to follow
+ a health board was created
+ rubbish in streets was to be collected
1875 Public Health Act
*influenced by the Great Stink
+ everything was mandatory
+ councils to provide clean water, dispose sewage and ensure that safe food was sold
Blood Groups
blood donations were possible but were very complex
1901 - blood groups are discovered
^ easier now, but both patient and donor have to be present at the same time