industrial 1700-1900

Cards (11)

  • Edward Jenner
    -created the first vaccination
    ^realised cow maids are immune to cowpox
    ^tested first vaccination on Phipps
    • people didn't fully support his creation (he was just a country doctor with little evidence, that wasn't explained well)
    • no change in health laws
  • John Snow
    -realised disease can be water borne
    -cholera pandemic in London, mapped out diseases. One lady away from main infection area was sick, turned out she liked the water from the infected area
    -took off the handle from the Broad Street pump
    • cholera never returned to London
    • consequence - Bazalgette's sewers
  • Louis Pasteur
    -wrote the Germ Theory in 1861
    ^ realised that germs cause disease, yet couldn't name any specifics
    -was in rivalry with Koch to find vaccines
    SHORT TERM IMPACT:
    • discovered the causes of disease
    • inspired Koch to discover specific germs
    LONG TERM IMPACT:
    • the book influenced others to start investigations in various areas
    • ^Joseph Lister and the 1875 Public Health Act
  • Robert Koch
    -used Pasteur's book to discover vaccines e.g. Anthrax
    -was in rivalry with Pasteur
  • Joseph Bazalgette
    -designed and built the sewers in London to prevent the stench (The Great Stink)
    -clean water was part of the 1875 Public Health Act
  • Florence Nightingale
    -went to Crimean War to nurse the wounded soldiers
    -improved the sanitation and conditions of the hospitals:
    • clean beds and sheets
    • clean floors and rooms
    • clean clothes and hands
    -opened the St Thomas Hospital, a nursing school
    -wrote "Notes on Nursing" to share her knowledge
  • Joseph Lister
    -used Pasteur's Germ Theory to influence his ideas
    -discovered carbolic acid as the first aseptic
    ^led to cleaner surgery, so less infection and higher survival rate
    -soaked bandages in acid and also used as a spray
  • James Simpson
    -discovered the first anaesthetic (after a night of testing a mix of drugs with friends)
    ^Chloroform - used by Queen Victoria during childbirth
    -led to more complex surgeries as patients would be passed out and not in agony or moving about
  • 1848 Public Health Act
    -not compulsory to follow
    + a health board was created
    + rubbish in streets was to be collected
  • 1875 Public Health Act
    *influenced by the Great Stink
    + everything was mandatory
    + councils to provide clean water, dispose sewage and ensure that safe food was sold
  • Blood Groups
    blood donations were possible but were very complex
    1901 - blood groups are discovered
    ^ easier now, but both patient and donor have to be present at the same time