Purcom

• Media Messages


  Information and ideas that are shared with a large audience of people
• If media messages are not scrutinized properly, they may become agents of misinformation and lead people to form wrong judgments and images on the subject of the wrongly presented message
• By critically evaluating media messages, we ensure that the ideas presented are accurate, relevant, and appropriate to be posted or shared with everyone
• Importance of evaluating the effectiveness of messages

  Developing and using strategic questions to identify strengths and weaknesses
• Strategies For Evaluating A Message

  • Simplicity
  • Specificity
  • Structure
  • Stickiness
• Simplicity


  • Is the purpose evident
  • Is the core message clear?
• Specificity


  • Is the language specific?
  • Is the language concrete, rather than abstract?
  • Does it use words that have additional meanings and could perhaps be misconstrued?
• Structure


  • Do the messages have structure?
  • Is there a more effective way to arrange the ideas?
• Stickiness


  Does the idea of the message flow smoothly?
• Study and presentation images should be evaluated like any other source, such as journal articles or books, to determine their quality, reliability, and appropriateness
• Visual analysis is an important step in evaluating an image and understanding its meaning
• To evaluate messages and images of different types of text reflecting different cultures

  1. Understand how the specified cultures live

  2. How the people in the specified group communicate with each other

  3. Learn the symbolism of their culture

  4. Be aware of every detail such as artifact, language, and symbolism

  5. Get the meanings being addressed by the images

  6. Get the important elements conveyed by the images

  7. Getting the audience for the images
• Communication Aids


  • Also referred to as Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
  • Refers to a huge range of techniques which support or replace spoken communication
• Examples of communication aids

  • Charts with pictures
  • Symbols
  • Letter of words
  • Simple single message voice output devices
  • Application that run on tablets and mobile phones
• Importance of Communication Aids

  • To help people to solve communicative challenges in a limited number of situations
  • Some individuals need to rely more heavily on AAC due to physical disabilities, medical complications, or other speech and languages disabilities that limit how much speech they are able to produce
  • Helps individuals communicate effectively with those around them
  • Makes the presentation interesting
• Two Types of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

  • Unaided Communication
  • Aided Communication
• Unaided Communication


  Does not use any additional equipment; only uses body language, gestures, vocalizations and signs
• Aided Communication


  Uses equipment and this can range from low-tech to high-tech methods and often uses pictures and symbols instead of, or together with words
• Low-tech


  Refers to the communication aids like printed books, printed images, pen, and notebook, and blackboard/whiteboard
• High-tech


  Refers to the use of digital and electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, speakers, and projectors
• Communication Strategies

  • Verbal
  • Non-verbal
  • Visual
• Verbal communication


  Refers to the use of words or vocals (written or oral) to give and receive information from one another
• Examples of verbal communication


  • Email
  • Phone calls
  • Speeches
  • Face-to-face conversation
• Non-verbal communication


  Consists of mostly visual clues such as body language, facial expression, physical distance between communicators, or the tone of your voice
• Visual communication


  Can be seen through signs, webpages, and illustrations
• Examples of visual communication

  • Infographics
  • Printed images
  • Posters
  • Signs
  • Drawings
• Multimedia


  A form of communication that integrates text, images, animations, audio, and video in both traditional and digital form
• Multimodal skill


  Creating meaning using multiple communication modes (images, music, poetry)
• Examples of multimodal skills

  • Paper like books, comics, magazines
  • Digital like films, slide presentation, vlogs
  • Live performances like theater
• Transparency


  Clear acetate pages displayed by an overhead projector during a speech
• Preparing for Presentation

  1. Analyze the situation

  2. Set the goal of the presentation and know your thesis statement

  3. Organize the body of the presentation

  4. Plan the introduction and conclusion
• Speech


  Must have an introduction to catch the attention of the audience; the body which contains the message the speaker would like to convey; and conclusion which summarizes the ideas presented and to make the audience remember the very important point/s
• Impromptu speech


  Delivered with limited preparation or limited time is given
• Strategies to help us manage Impromptu Speech

  1. Use a virtual outline to structure your talk or response

  2. Past, Present, Future

  3. Point-Reason-Example/Explanation- Point (PREP)

  4. Opening, Rule of Three, Clincher

  5. Bridging

  6. Reframing

  7. Playing the Devil's Advocate

  8. Keep your speech brief and to the point

  9. Do not apologize if you are not ready and avoid saying something that will affect your credibility as a speaker

  10. If you need time to process what to say, begin by greeting your audience

  11. Read a lot so you are always well-informed of the happening and knowledgeable about any topic

  12. Create or recreate a story

  13. Speak slowly and clearly. Take a deep breath and stay calm
• Informative speech


  Aims to help your listeners understand and remember the information you present, discuss, or explain
• Types of Informative Speech

  • Speech about objects or people
  • Speech about processes
  • Speech about events
  • Speech about concepts
• Ways of Developing Ideas to Inform

  • Definitions
  • Descriptions
  • Demonstrations
  • Explanations
• Definitions


  A speaker can inform through definition: synonyms and antonyms, use or function, example, and etymology
• Descriptions


  Informing through description entails creating verbal pictures for your audience
• Demonstrations


  When informing through demonstration, a speaker gives verbal directions about how to do something while also physically demonstrating the steps