Basic needs

• Anatomy


  The study of the science of the structure of the human body (What does it look like)
• Physiology


  The study of the science of the function of the human body (How does it work)
• Anatomical position


  The body is standing erect, facing directly forward, with feet pointing forward and slightly apart, and arms hanging down with palms facing forward
• Levels of structural organisation

  • Atoms & Molecules
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Systems
  • Organism
• Atoms & Molecules


  • Units of matter with chemical properties e.g. Oxygen (O2) and Hydrogen (H2)
• Cells


  • Basic unit of life
• Tissues


  • Clusters of cells performing a similar function
• Organs


  • Made of tissues that perform one specific function
• Systems


  • Groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body
• Purpose of different systems is for human body to maintain homeostasis
• Anatomy


  The study of the science of the structure of the human body (What does it look like)
• Physiology


  The study of the science of the function of the human body (How does it work)
• Anatomical position


  The body is standing erect, facing directly forward, with feet pointing forward and slightly apart, and arms hanging down with palms facing forward
• Levels of structural organisation

  • Atoms & Molecules
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Systems
  • Organism
• Atoms & Molecules


  • Units of matter with chemical properties e.g. Oxygen (O2) and Hydrogen (H2)
• Cells


  • Basic unit of life
• Tissues


  • Clusters of cells performing a similar function
• Organs


  • Made of tissues that perform one specific function
• Systems


  • Groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body
• Purpose of different systems is for human body to maintain homeostasis
• The skeleton

  • Cranium
  • Skull
  • Face
  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Sternum
  • Ribs
  • Humerus
  • Lumbar vertebra
  • Ulna
  • Pelvis
  • Cervical vertebra
  • Thoracic vertebra
  • Radius
  • Carpals
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
  • Phalanges
  • Femur
  • Metacarpals
  • Patella
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  • Talus
  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
  • Calcaneus
• Components of the respiratory system

  • The upper respiratory tract
  • The lower respiratory tract
• Upper respiratory tract structures

  • Nose and nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
• Lower respiratory tract structures

  • Trachea
  • Lungs
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
• The nose is the visible protruding part of the face and has two openings called the nostrils
• The nose allows entrance to the respiratory tract
• The nasal septum divides the nose in two halves
• Nasal cavity


  An air-filled space and a continuation of the nostrils
• The cells of the respiratory mucosa that lines the inside of the nasal cavity have tiny cilia that move the dirt-laden mucus toward the outside of the nostrils
• Sinuses are air spaces in the skull that lighten the weight of your head
• Sinuses open into the nasal cavities so they can receive air during breathing
• Sinuses are lined with mucous membranes