5 - INDUSTRY

• What is the role of biotechnology in industries?

  It aids in sustainable industries and environmental protection
• What is bioremediation?

  Process of removing pollutants using living organisms
• How does bioremediation work?

  By degrading environmental pollutants with organisms
• What organisms are used in bioremediation?

  Plants or microbes
• Which engineered organism is used to degrade oil spills?

  Pseudomonas putida
• What are biofuels?

  Renewable energy from living organic matter
• What is a major energy source in Brazil?

  Sugarcane ethanol
• How is corn-based ethanol used in the United States?

  It is widely used in gasoline blends
• What does the Biofuels Act of 2006 mandate in the Philippines?

  10% ethanol blend in gasoline
• What is the purpose of biojet fuels in airlines?

  To reduce carbon emissions
• What is the difference between first-generation and second-generation biofuels?

  First-generation is practical; second-generation is sustainable
• What is a characteristic of third-generation biofuels?

  They are algae-based with high yield
• What is the potential of fourth-generation biofuels?

  Carbon-negative potential but under development
• What is aquaculture?

  Enhancing fish farming productivity using biotechnology
• How are genetically improved tilapia and salmon enhanced?

  For faster growth through biotechnology
• What is the purpose of conservation in marine biotechnology?

  To protect endangered marine species
• What is DNA barcoding used for in conservation?

  Monitoring biodiversity and tracking illegal fishing
• What is marine drug discovery?

  Finding novel bioactive compounds from marine organisms
• What is ziconotide derived from?

  Cone snail venom
• What is ziconotide used for?

  As a painkiller for severe pain
• What are marine sponges used for in drug discovery?

  As a source of anti-cancer compounds
• What are the applications of biotechnology in agriculture and the environment?

  • Bioremediation: cleaning pollutants using organisms
  • Biofuels: renewable energy from organic matter
  • Aquaculture: enhancing fish farming productivity
  • Conservation: protecting endangered species
  • Marine drug discovery: finding bioactive compounds
• What are the generations of biofuels and their characteristics?

  1. First-generation: practical but food vs. fuel issue
  2. Second-generation: sustainable but costly
  3. Third-generation: promising algae-based but expensive
  4. Fourth-generation: futuristic, carbon-negative potential, under development