Ke finals

• Farinaceous Products

  • Pasta
  • Grains
  • Potato

  
• Pasta


  • Made from flour and water
  • Called pasta in Italy, England, Australia, France
  • Called noodles in Japan, China, Malaysia, Singapore
  • Most popular type is spaghetti
  • Many shapes and sizes, some stuffed with meat, vegetables, seafood, cheese
  • One type called angel hair is very thin

  
• Grain


  A small, hard, dry seed, with or without an attached hull or fruit layer, harvested for human or animal consumption
• Types of Grains


  • Rice
  • Barley
  • Wheat
  • Rye
  • Oatmeal
  • Corn (Maize)
• Rice


  • Regular Milled White Rice: Short Grain, Medium Grain, Long Grain, Brown, Enriched, Parboiled, Instant
  • Specialty Rice: Arborio, Basmati, Jasmine, Glutinous, Wehani, Wild
• Barley

  • Pearl Barley, Barley Flakes, Barley Flour
• Wheat


  • Whole Wheat, Cracked Wheat, Bulgur, Spelt, Kasha, Couscous, Millet, Quinoa, Semolina, Amaranth
• Potato


  A root vegetable native to the Americas, a starchy tuber of the plant Solanum tuberosum, and the plant itself, a perennial in the family Solanaceae
• Types of Potatoes


  • Russets
  • White Potatoes
  • Waxy Potatoes
  • Colorful Potatoes
  • Fingerling Potatoes
  • New Potatoes
• The potato is a root vegetable native to the Americas
• Community immersion


  The process of gaining entry into a community, integrating with the people, and assessing the community's needs
• Before gaining entry into the community


  1. Information gathering

  2. Obtaining waivers from parents/guardians
• Pre-immersion guidelines


  • Students should gather basic information about the community
  • Students should not regard themselves as superior to the community members
  • Students should dress simply and act naturally
  • Students should not assume the role of savior
  • Students should remember that development must be for the people and from the people
• Gaining entry into the community


  1. Ostentatious entry

  2. Banking on the people's weakness

  3. Simple entry

  4. Academic entry

  5. Formal entry

  6. People-centered entry
• People-centered entry


  • Local researchers from the community first gain entry and establish strong links with reliable community members
  • Contact persons in the community will take care of the organizer's entry and facilitate their integration
• Integration with the people


  1. Border style (staying and living in the immersion area)

  2. Elitist style (staying close to key informants and political players)

  3. People-centered style (living with the people, eating their food, doing their chores, and patiently learning their way of life)
• Community needs assessment


  Identifying the problems, issues, and concerns of the community using several tools
• Needs assessment


  A concrete basis for the formulation of programs that reflects the sentiments, needs, aspirations, and recommendations of the community
• Needs assessment process

  1. Gather information about the community's attitudes and options

  2. Determine how citizens rank local issues, problems, and opportunities

  3. Give the citizens a voice in determining policies, goals, and priorities

  4. Evaluate current programs and policies

  5. Speculate on what the people are thinking and what they may really want
• Information essential to the community needs assessment


  • Historical data
  • Geographical data
  • Political and legal data
  • Demographic data
  • Economic data
• Data collection methods


  • Focus group discussion (FGD) by key informants
  • Community forum/assembly
  • Public records
  • Surveys (mailing questionnaires, telephone surveys, handing out surveys, posting questionnaires online)
• Steps in conducting a needs assessment

  1. Establish a working committee

  2. List important aspects to be analyzed

  3. Identify the population to be surveyed

  4. Determine the information needed

  5. Select a random sample of people to survey

  6. Develop and pre-test a questionnaire

  7. Collate the information gathered

  8. Analyze the data

  9. Go back to the community to validate the results

  10. Finalize the report
• Roles of the community in a needs assessment


  • Help identify interest groups and citizens for working committees
  • Facilitate group discussions to determine important issues and priorities
  • Select the sample to be surveyed and design a system to identify respondents
  • Provide a pool of questions
  • Design a way of distributing and collecting survey questionnaires and encoding and analyzing the data
  • Provide summary reports of data
  • Suggest programs to report results and solicit community involvement
  • Work with citizens to come up with well-informed courses of action
• Actual execution of the community immersion


  1. Make final arrangements with the community

  2. Prepare a program responsive to the community's needs

  3. Uplift the living conditions of the clients

  4. Maximize the resources available in the area

  5. Tap the potential of the clients and give them due recognition

  6. Set intelligent and concrete objectives that affect the lives of the people

  7. Solicit contributions from the pre-planning, planning, implementation, and evaluation stages

  8. Prepare complete documentation

  9. Choose projects within the capabilities of the trainees

  10. Develop a shared commitment with the trainees
• An NSTP-CWTS class has a maximum of 54 hours to complete its planned projects
• Students are advised to inform the faculty-in-charge of the status of their project and seek assistance from the school's extension services/community outreach unit to sustain the project if necessary
• What are the components that make up culture in a community?

  Ideals, laws, customs, beliefs, rituals, and ceremonies
• What does cultural relativism propose about a person's beliefs and values?


  They should be understood based on that person's own culture rather than judged by another's criteria
• How do cultural differences affect moral judgment and behavior?

  Cultures vary substantially in both moral judgments and moral behaviors
• What factors contribute to cultural variations in morality?

  Religion, social ecology, and regulatory social institutions
• What does the variability in cultural morality raise questions about?

  Normative theories of morality
• What is the focus of contemporary work on cultural factors affecting morality?

  It reviews cultural factors affecting moral judgments and values, and moral behaviors
• What are the different elements of culture that affect moral behavior?

  • Ideals
  • Laws
  • Customs
  • Beliefs
  • Rituals
  • Ceremonies
• What is one strength of cultural relativism regarding human evolution?

  It encourages the ability to evolve and adapt
• How does cultural relativism affect definitions of ethical and moral "right" and "wrong"?


  It allows these definitions to change as people change
• What perspective does cultural relativism promote?

  An individualistic perspective governing personal actions and thoughts
• What are the advantages of cultural relativism?

  1. Promotes cooperation
  2. Creates a society where equality is possible
  3. Allows pursuit of genuine interests
  4. Encourages respect
  5. Preserves human cultures
  6. Creates a society without judgment
  7. Excludes moral relativism
  8. Facilitates personal moral codes
  9. Stops cultural conditioning
• How does cultural relativism promote cooperation?

  By embracing individual differences based on upbringing and experiences
• How does cultural relativism create a society where equality is possible?

  It allows individuals to define their own moral codes without imposing on others
• In what way does cultural relativism allow people to pursue genuine interests?

  It enables individuals to set their own definitions of success without restrictions