Isolation and speciation

• What is genetic drift?


  The mechanism of evolution in which allele frequency of a population changes over time
• What causes genetic drift?

  Genetic bottleneck
• What is a genetic bottleneck?


  Reduction in genetic diversity due to a sudden decrease in population size
• What else can cause the genetic bottleneck?

  The founder effect
• What is the founder effect?


  The establishment of a new population by a very small number of individuals
• What are the two types of speciation?

  Allopatric speciation

  Simpatric speciation
• What is Allopatric speciation?

  Two populations become geographically separated by a physical barrier
• What is Gene flow?


  Movement of genes between populations
• What is simpatric speciation?

  Species are separated within the same area
• What causes simpatric speciation?

  Ecological factors

  Behavioural factors