KEY CONCEPTS

• definition of norms + example

  unwritten rules of society, expected behaviours of society eg: lining up in a queue.
• definition of values + example

  important ideas & beliefs about how we should live our lives eg: muslims don't eat pork.
• definition of culture +example

  shared way of living life eg: language
• identity


  how you see yourself and how others see you due to: class, age, gender or ethnicity
• roles


  your part/ job within society eg: teacher, mother etc
• status

  the level of importance a person- or their occupation/role- has, or is seen to have in society eg: royalty,, footballer
• what is ascribed status 


  the status you are born into eg: royalty
• what is achieved status?


  the status you have worked hard for, achieved yourself eg Marcus Rashford/ footballer
• what is socialisation

  the process in which we learn the norms, values and culture of society
• what is primary socialisation?


  socialisation we experience during early years (0-4years) via family. eg learning how to walk.
• what is secondary socialisation?


  Socialisation from via family and other institutions eg: school, media
• examples of secondary socialisation:

  media, education and peer groups.
• how is media an example od secondary socialisation?

  influence of role models, imitation of behaviour, representation of groups
• how is education an example of secondary socialisation?

  formal curriculum, hidden curriculum and use of sanctions.
• how are peer groups an example of secondary socialisation?


  influence of role models, peer pressure and use of sanctions
• gender roles


  characteristics and behaviours that are expected from and associated with gender. eg: boys must be tough and girls should be caring
• canalisation


  when boys and girls are given gifts through the stereotype of their gender eg: girls are given dolls, boys are given nerf guns
• gender role socialisation- family

  through canalisation and manipulation of different treatments eg: girls are taught kindness, boys are taught to be aggressive
• gender role socialisation- school

  through gendered subjects: coursework based subjects were places into the curriculum for girls,, S.T.E.M based subjects were expected for boys or subjects such as construction.
• gender role socialisation- school

  • hidden curriculum/ teacher expectations: teachers asking for "two strong boys" to help lift something.
• gender role socialisation- school

  textbooks presenting men with science and technology, women presented in food technology
• gender role socialisation- media

  Representation of gender in films. eg: women being hopeless/ 'damsel' in distress, waiting for their 'strong' prince to save them.
• types of social control

  • Formal social control: mainly control behaviour eg: police
• social control is important because it keeps society running smoothly by keeping people from breaking laws and rules that have been set out by society
• informal social control: control attitudes eg: peer pressure
• social control can also be used to keep people in line with societys norms and values
• social control is important because it helps maintain norms and values within society
• positive sanctions- reinforcement of desired behaviour, e.g. praise, rewards
• negative sanctions- punishments eg: jail, detention
• formal sanctions- sanctions that are imposed by the law and are enforced by the state
• informal sanctions- given by informal agents of social control eg: parents grounding you
• what type of theory is functionalism


  consensus
• what type of theory is feminism


  conflict theory
• what type of theory is marxism

  conflict theory